01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Wendell Willkie, Lend-Lease, Good Neighbor Policy
13 May 2018
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Chapter 22 - Fighting for the Four Freedoms: World War
II, 1941–1945
1. Fighting World War II (WWII)
1. Prewar trends in U.S. foreign policy
1. Recognition of Soviet Union
2. Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America
2. Aggression and repression abroad
1. Japanese invasions of Manchuria, China
2. Adolf Hitler's Germany
1. Nazism
2. Rearmament
3. Annexation of Austria, Czechoslovakia
4. Persecution of Jews
5. Policy of appeasement toward
1. Adoption by Britain, France, United States
2. Munich conference; "peace in our time"
3. Benito Mussolini's Italy
1. Fascism
2. Invasion of Ethiopia
4. Francisco Franco's Spain
1. Spanish Civil War
2. Overthrow of democracy; establishment of fascist
regime
3. Support from Hitler
3. American isolationism; reluctance to confront overseas
aggression
1. Sources
1. Pro-Nazi sentiment
2. Business ties to Japan, Germany
3. Memory of World War I
4. Pacifism
5. Ethnic allegiances
2. Manifestations
1. Neutrality Acts
2. Even-handed arms embargo on Spanish belligerents
4. Outbreak of WWII
1. Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact
2. German invasion of Poland
3. British and French declarations of war on Germany
4. German conquests across Europe, North Africa
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5. Formation of German-Italian-Japanese Axis
6. Battle of Britain
5. America's shifting response
1. Persisting popular ambivalence
2. Steps toward involvement
1. Arms sale to Britain
2. Military rearmament
3. Reelection of Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
1. Unprecedented quest for third term
2. Victory over Wendell Willkie
4. Toward intervention
1. America as "arsenal of democracy"
2. Lend Lease Act
3. Interventionist mobilization efforts
6. Pearl Harbor; U.S. entry into war
7. War in the Pacific
1. Early setbacks for Allies
1. Japanese conquests
2. Bataan "death march"
2. Turning of the tide
1. Battles of Coral Sea, Midway
2. Island campaigns
8. War in Europe
1. Allied advances
1. North Africa
2. The Atlantic
3. Italy
4. D-Day
2. Eastern front
1. German invasion of Russia
2. Siege of Stalingrad
3. German surrender
4. Magnitude of bloodshed
3. The Holocaust
2. Home front
1. Government mobilization of economy
1. Wartime federal agencies
2. Areas of impact
1. Allocation of labor
2. Types and labels of production
3. Wages, prices, rents
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4. Public revenue
5. Employment rate
2. Business in wartime
1. New relationship with government
1. Prominence of business leaders in federal
bureaucracy
2. Federal funding for large corporations
2. Achievements of wartime manufacturing
1. Scale of production
2. Scientific advances
3. Restoration of public esteem for business
3. Geography of manufacturing boom
1. Revival of old industrial centers
2. Emergence of new industrial centers
1. West
2. South
3. Centrality of military-related production
3. Organized labor in wartime
1. Government-business-labor collaboration
1. Terms and impact
1. Surge in union membership
2. Spread of union recognition
3. No-strike pledge
4. Acceptance of employer "prerogatives," "fair
profit"
2. Junior position of labor
2. Rolling back of New Deal programs
3. Rise of labor walkouts
4. The Four Freedoms
1. "Freedom" as ideological focus of wartime mobilization
2. Content and implications
1. Freedoms of speech and religion
2. Freedoms from fear and want
3. Points of controversy
1. "Freedom from want"
2. Office of War Information (OWI)
1. New Deal liberalism of
2. Conservative curtailment of
4. Freedom as "free enterprise," material consumption (the
"fifth freedom")
5. Women in wartime labor force
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