01:830:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Molecular Genetics, Heritability, Hot 3
8 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
1
Adam Ibrahim
Unit 3C: Biological Bases of Behavior
III. Biological Bases of Behavior
A. Genes: Our Codes for Life
1. 46 chromosomes made of DNA- Contains genetic info
2. Genes are small segments of DNA molecules
a. About 30,000 in the human genome
b. Can be active (expressed) or inactive
3. Genome- Complete instructions for making an organism
4. Humans & chimpanzees share 96% of their DNA sequence
5. Person-to-person variations→Uniqueness
B. Twin and Adoption Studies
1. Identical Twins- One fertilized egg splits→2 genetically identical children
2. Fraternal Twins- Develop from separate fertilized eggs. Not genetically
identical, but share the same fetal environment
3. Identical separated twins shared similar lives even thought raised in diff
environments Ex. Jim Lewis & Jim Springer
4. Coincidence or nah? Similarities can be found in strangers as well tho
C. Biological vs. Adoptive Relatives
1. Adoption split into two groups
a. Like genetic relatives (Biological parents)
b. Environmental relatives (Adopted parents)
2. Environmental relatives can have not similar traits a child bc they arent a factor
3. Environmental relatives can still influence children’s manners, faith, etc.
D. Heritability
1. Heritability- Amount of variation that can be attributed to genes in individuals,
can’t be seen in 1 person, amongst different ppl
2. If everyone was similar & lived in similar environments, heritability increases
3. If completely different environments but similar people, heritability decreases
4. Heritability won’t imply to group differences (men/women races), differ b/c of
environment sometimes and NOT genetic influences
5. Genes respond to environments. No shoes→ Calluses forming on feet
6. Adaptation- Biological Mechanism Nature/Nurture Genes/Environment
7. Genes aren’t preset, they’re self regulating, they react
E. Gene- Environment Interaction
1. Genes and experience interact — the effect of 1 factor depends on another
2. Environments trigger gene activity
F. The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics
1. Molecular genetics (studies molecular structures of genes) is being used to
identify specific genes influencing behavior
2. Now scientists can do prenatal screenings, see if baby got problems
3. Good AND Bad. If babies retarded→Abortion
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