01:830:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Intelligence Quotient, Extraversion And Introversion, Heritability
6 Jun 2018
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Module 11: Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Behavioral Genetics
▪ Behavior geneticists study our differences and weigh the effects and the interplay of heredity
and environment.
Genes: Our Codes for Life
▪ Genes: Biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes, the threadlike coils of DNA
▪ Nucleus of every human cell contains chromosomes
▪ Each made up of 2 strands of DNA connected in double helix
▪ Genes = DNA segments
▪ When genes are expressed, they provide the code for creating the proteins that form
ou ody’s uildig loks.
Chromosomes and Inheritance
▪ The human genome is the shared genetic profile that distinguishes humans from other species,
osistig at a idiidual leel of all the geeti ateial i a ogais’s hoosomes.
▪ The human genome includes 46 chromosomes in 23 sets matched sets; each
chromosome has the same gene locations.
▪ This includes the X and Y chromosomes, not a matched set in males, who are missing
some genes on the Y.
▪ A biological parent donates half his/her set of chromosomes to his/her offspring.
▪ We received half a set of chromosomes from each biological parent.
Terms to Learn
▪ Behavior genetics: Study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental
influences on behavior
▪ Environment: Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things
around us
▪ Chromosomes: Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain
the genes
▪ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes
Identical Versus Fraternal Twins
▪ Identical-monozygotic twins develop from a single fertilized egg, fraternal-
dizygotic twins from two.
▪ Identical twins do not always have same number of copies of genes
▪ Not all identical twins share same placenta
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01:830:101 Full Course Notes
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