BIO 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Forego, Somatic Marker Hypothesis
19 Sep 2016
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Stress, what is it: stress creates a heightened excitability or arousal, the stressor must be perceived as aversive, the controllability and/or predictability of the stressor is the variable that determines the magnitude of stress. Crh (stress reduced: cortisol also binds to neurons in the amygdala and hypothalamus. Fear conditioning: amygdala: conditioned fear in the human brain. Mri of the human brain showing amygdala (box). (a) fear conditioning. Functional mri (fmri) showing amygdala activation by a conditioned stimulus (cs) after pairing with an unconditioned stimulus: little albert experiment. Fear conditioning in rodents: pair tone with foot shock (conditioning). Rat freezes in response to foot shock and makes ultrasound vocalizations: determine whether rat associates tone with foot sock (testing) by presenting tone alone and see whether rat freezes in response to tone. This associative learning is fear conditioning as occurred with little albert. Extinguishing fear conditioning in rodents: fear conditioning is difficult to extinguish.
