BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Rna Splicing, Intron, Endomembrane System
Document Summary
The information content of dna is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the dna strands. The dna inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins. The process by which dna directs protein synthesis, gene expression includes two stages, called transcription and translation. Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation. In 1909, british physician archibald garrod was the first to suggest that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the cell. Homogentistic acid oxidase deficiency cannot break down tyrosine or phenylalanine (cid:862)i (cid:271)elie(cid:448)e that (cid:374)o t(cid:449)o i(cid:374)di(cid:448)iduals, a(cid:396)e exactly alike chemically any more than st(cid:396)u(cid:272)tu(cid:396)ally(cid:863) archibald garrod. Beadle and tatum caused bead mold to mutate with x-rays creating mutants that could not survive on minimal medium. Using genetic crosses they determined that their mutants fell into three classes, each mutated in a different gene.
