BIOL 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Alternative Splicing, Human Genome Project, Ribosomal Rna
Document Summary
The human genome: made of dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) Which is made of four nucleotide bases. Cytosine (c: dna"s fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374) is assisted (cid:271)y rna (cid:894)ri(cid:271)o(cid:374)u(cid:272)lei(cid:272) a(cid:272)id(cid:895) Mrna trna rrna: difference between dna and rna. Defining a gene: genes have been defined in different ways over the years. All humans are 99. 99% similar to each other. The genetic code: the system that allows 4 nucleotides to code for millions of proteins, dna sequence is converted by mrna to a series of triplet codons. The genetic code is redundant in that several codons translate into the same amino acids. Going from dna to protein sequence: dna to rna = transcription. Involves enzymes that unwind the dna and then rna polymerase that makes an rna sequence. In eukaryotes (like humans) dna is first transcribed into a piece of pre- mrna. Alternative splicing may explain why one gene can be multiple: rna to amino acid sequence = translation proteins.