BSC 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 49: Lung Volumes, Functional Residual Capacity, Cellular Respiration

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silvercicada472

11 Jun 2018

School

University of Alabama

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 215

Professor

Jason Pienaar

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Function of the Respiratory System

Out with the old and in with the new—that's what the respiratory system does, delivering

air to the lungs, bringing oxygen into the body, and expelling the carbon dioxide back

into the air. Understanding the structure and intricacies of the respiratory system is vital

to human anatomy. The respiratory system is made up of more than just the lungs; it

also includes your nose, throat, larynx, windpipe, bronchi, alveolar ducts, and

respiratory membrane.

The function of the respiratory system is to deliver air to the lungs. Oxygen in the air

diffuses out of the lungs and into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite

direction, out of the blood and into the lungs. Respiration includes the following

processes:

• External respiration is the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and

the body tissues. In order to accomplish this task, the following events occur:

1. Pulmonary ventilation is the process of breathing—inspiration (inhaling air)

and expiration (exhaling air).

2. Gas transport, carried out by the cardiovascular system, is the process of

distributing the oxygen throughout the body and collecting CO 2 and

returning it to the lungs.

• Internal respiration is the process of gas exchange between the blood, the

interstitial fluids (fluids surrounding the cells), and the cells. Inside the cell,

cellular respiration generates energy (ATP), using O 2 and glucose and

producing waste CO 2.

Lung Volumes and Capacities

The following terms describe the various lung (respiratory) volumes:

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Document Summary

Out with the old and in with the new that"s what the respiratory system does, delivering air to the lungs, bringing oxygen into the body, and expelling the carbon dioxide back into the air. Understanding the structure and intricacies of the respiratory system is vital to human anatomy. The respiratory system is made up of more than just the lungs; it also includes your nose, throat, larynx, windpipe, bronchi, alveolar ducts, and respiratory membrane. The function of the respiratory system is to deliver air to the lungs. Oxygen in the air diffuses out of the lungs and into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction, out of the blood and into the lungs. Respiration includes the following processes: external respiration is the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the body tissues. Internal respiration is the process of gas exchange between the blood, the interstitial fluids (fluids surrounding the cells), and the cells.

Related Questions

1) At what point is the amount of oxygen at its highest?

		in the capillaries during strenous activity
		in the lungs
		in the capillaries at rest
		in muscle tissue during strenous activity

2) You have diagnosed a patient with an iron deficiency. Themost likely result of this is

		low carbon dioxide content
		very red blood
		low oxygen content
		high oxygen content

3) Why are insects limited to relatively small sizes?

		Their respiratory system relies on diffusion which is slow overlong distances
		Their respiratory muscles are smooth muscle only
		They have a closed circulatory system
		Their exoskeleton cannot support larger-bodied animals

4) Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalationbecause

		the volume of the thoracic cavity increases
		pressure in the alveoli increases
		the diaphragm contracts and pushes upward on the chestcavity
		smooth muscle lining the trachea and bronchi contracts andcauses their volume to increase

QUESTION 1

Cellular respiration uses________to produce energy and releases ________as a waste product.

		O₂; CO₂
		CO₂; O₂
		ATP; G3P
		G3P; ATP

5 points

QUESTION 2

Select all of the following that compose the conducting pathways in the respiratory system.

		nasal cavity
		Pharynx
		Larynx
		Trachea
		Bronchi
		Alveoli

5 points

QUESTION 3

Match each structure with its' function.

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Nasal Cavity
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Alveoli
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Larynx
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Trachea
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Bronchi
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Bronchioles
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Pharynx

A.	Throat
B.	Very small branches of bronchi within the lungs.
C.	Larger branching passages for air within the lungs.
D.	Location of gas exchange with the blood.
E.	Carries air from larynx and branches into bronchi.
F.	Location of the voice box, earliest location where only air passes.
G.	Carry air into the pharynx, earliest location of cleaning, warming, and humidifying the air.

8 points

QUESTION 4

Mammals are able to inhale because increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity will decrease the pressure within the lungs. This is called_____

		pump-controlled breathing
		forced inflation breathing
		negative-pressure breathing
		stretch breathing

6 points

QUESTION 5

Indentify which muscles are primarily responsible for quiet (normal, relaxed) inspiration?

		diaphragm
		internal intercostals
		sclaenes
		abdominal muscles

coffeepig115

12. Passive expiration is preceded by the:

a. recoil of the lungs

b. contraction of the internal intercostals muscles.

c. contraction of the diaphragm.

d. increase in atmospheric pressure.

e. increase in CO₂ in the blood

14. Type I alveolar cells:

a. secrete surfactant.

b. are squamous epithelial cells.

c. are macrophages.

d. function mainly in the diffusion of gases.

e. Both B and D.

15. Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the respiratory system?

a. external nares

b. uvula

c. epiglottis

d. choanae

e. mouth

19. Which of the following is NOT considered a function of the respiratory system?

a. Regulation of acid-base balance

b. Production of sound

c. Filtering inspired air

d. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide to tissue cells

e. Intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide

20. Breathing is more difficult in higher altitudes because the

a. air weighs less

b. partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen is lower

c. partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide is higher

d. partial pressure of atmospheric nitrogen is lower

e. partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen is higher

27. During expiration a decrease in thoracic cavity size causes a (an) in pressure thus causing the lungs to recoil resulting in a (an) in pressure respectively.

a. decrease intraplueral; decrease intrapulmonary

b. decrease intraplueral; increase intrapulmonary

c. increase intraplueral; decrease intrapulmonary

d. decrease intrapulmonary; increase intraplueral

e. increase intrapleural ; increase intrapulmonary

66. During _____________ ______________, oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood, and enters the alveoli.

68. Hemoglobin buffers the pH of the cytosol of RBC by combining with ______ions

BSC 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 49: Lung Volumes, Functional Residual Capacity, Cellular Respiration

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