BIO 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Guanosine, Electron Microscope, Intron

31 views8 pages

limeshark668

6 Sep 2018

School

University at Buffalo

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIO 201

Professor

Lara Hutson

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Lecture 36: mrna transcription regulation and processing (ch. Regulation of transcription: bacteria, eukaryotes mrna. Must be exported to cytoplasm for translation (in eukaryotes only) Must be processed prior to translation (in eukaryotes only) Relationship between rna and dna sequences: make a s(cid:455)(cid:374)theti(cid:272) rna (cid:862)pro(cid:271)e(cid:863) (cid:272)orrespo(cid:374)di(cid:374)g to (cid:455)our ge(cid:374)e of i(cid:374)terest, purify genome dna, boil dna to denature, mix with rna probe, cool allows to hybridize, electron microscopy. Different results for different rnas: rna binds to dna in a continuous stretch, rrna, trna, bacterial mrnas, rna binds to dna dis-continuously. Intron (intervening sequence): sequence that is missing from mrna: 5" cappi(cid:374)g. 5" e(cid:374)d of all eukar(cid:455)oti(cid:272) (cid:373)rnas have 7-methyl guanosine cap: added after transcription, signals cell to export mrna out of nucleus, signals ribosome to translate the mrna, happens immediately after transcription. Transcription of different genes is imitated by ~7 different sigma factors* that bind to different core promoter sequences. Different sigma factors are activated under different environmental condition.

Related Questions

If one is testing a goodness of fit to a 9:3:3:1 ratio, how many degrees of freedom would be associated with the Chi-square?

not enough information to determine

Which of the following choices does not describe a type of posttranslational modification of proteins?

The amino terminal methionine may be removed.

Glycoproteins are produced by the attachment of phosphates to newly synthesized proteins.

Precursor proteins are cleaved and trimmed by protease enzymes to produce a functional protein.

Molecular chaperones help proteins fold correctly.

Amino acids in the amino terminal of the protein can be acetylated.

A eukaryotic DNA sequence that affects transcription at distant promoters is called a(n)

long distance promotor

regulator

operon

enhancer

DNA methylation may be a significant mode of genetic regulation in eukaryotes. Meythylation refers to

altering RNA polymerase activity by adding methyl-groups

changes in DNA-DNA hydrogen bonding

altering translation activity via methylated tRNAs

adding methyl groups to certain cytosines in DNA

If a nucleotide lacks a 3â-OH group, what will happen?

itâs transformed into RNA

another nucleotide can bond at the 3â site during replication

replication will halt

no effect

Which of the following describe posttranscriptional modifications commonly seen in mRNA of eukaryotes?

5â capping, 3â-poly-A tail addition, splicing

3â capping, 5â poly-A tail addition, splicing

heteroduplex formation

5â capping, 3âpolyA tail addition, removal of exons

In birds, females are the heterogametic sex. This means that

females have chromosomes in pairs.

emales produce eggs.

females determine the gender of their offspring.

males have two identical sex chromosomes (ZZ)

An anticodon on a tRNA has the sequence 5'âGCAâ3'. What would be the effect on translation if the G in the anticodon were mutated to a U?

The anticodon could pair to the serine codon 5'âUCAâ3', and a cysteine would be incorporated at all points where a serine should have been incorporated.

The anticodon could pair to the threonine codon 5'âACUâ3', and a threonine would be incorporated at all points where a cysteine should have been incorporated.

The anticodon could pair to the serine codon 5'âAGUâ3', and a serine would be incorporated at all points where a cysteine should have been incorporated.

The anticodon could pair to the stop codon 5'âUGAâ3', and instead of stopping translation, a cysteine would be incorporated and translation could continue.

1. The Pribnow Box is a

A. attenuator

B. enhancer

C. promoter

D. operator

2. Which of the following do not occur during post-transcriptional processing of RNA in eukaryotes?

A. the splicing of introns

B. addition of a poly-A at the 3' end

C. removal of introns

D. addition of a 7-methyl guanosine cap at the 5' end

3. In transcription, RNA polymerase binds at

A. a promoter

B. an operator

C. the oriC locus

D. an enhancer

4. The Central Dogma in genetics describes

A. the pattern of information flow in the cell

B. the pattern of chromosomal inheritance in populations

C. the role of mutations in disease

D. the role of promoters

5. Which of the following sequences of DNA could code for a stem-loop structure (only the template strand is shown)?

A. 3'--G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G-A-A-A-A-C-C-A-A-G-G-G-C-C--5'

B. 3'--G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G-A-A-A-A-G-G-T-T-C-C-C-G-G--5'

C. 3'--G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G-T-T-T-T-G-G-C-C-C-T-T-G-G--5'

D. none of the above

6. Removal of introns from RNA is by

A. primosomes

B. peptidases

C. galactosidases

D. spliceosomes

7. Which of the following represents the units for measuring the rate of sedimentation of a molecule/organelle in a sucrose gradient?

A. molecular weight

B. Svedberg units

C. map units

D. Daltons

8. During transcription, which strand is not read by the RNA polymerase?

A. coding strand

B. noncoding strand

C. template strand

D. terminator strand

9. The function of the rho protein is

A. to help terminate translation

B. to help RNA polymerase bind to the DNA

C. to help RNA polymerase find a promoter

D. to help terminate transcription

10. The unusual bases found in transfer RNAs

A. are added during transcription

B. are normal bases that have been modified after transcription

C. help the tRNAs to bind to DNA

D. ensure that the tRNA stays linear in solution

BIO 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Guanosine, Electron Microscope, Intron

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIOL 2111 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Dystrophin, Nitrocellulose, Ribonucleotide

BIOL239 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Start Codon, Sigma Factor, Guanidine

BIOL239 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Mature Messenger Rna, Wysiwyg, Polyadenylation

Related Questions