CCJS 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Gary Becker, Auguste Comte, Atavism
11 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
Classical theory abandoned late 1800s, in 1960s, was revived by economist gary becker as neoclassical. Utilitarianism - maximizing benefits for the greatest amount of people. General deterrence vs. specific deterrence - general: laws, police, courts, penalties, and prisons; specific: focus on particular crime, ex: random breath testing to deter drunk driving. Superseded by positivism; classical theory abandoned because of increasing crime rates, evidence of adverse effects, and biological sciences (darwin) Behavior is determined and not a matter of free will, criminals fundamentally different than non criminals, social scientists can be objective, crime caused by multiple factors, crime is due to forces beyond the individual"s control (biological, psychological, social) Individualistic theories - causes of crime within individual, not social environment; assumes criminals are particular kinds of people; we do not need to change society to deal with the problem of crime, we need to change individuals. Comte and adolphe quetelet i don"t think this is right, i think it"s lombroso.
