ECON 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Government Budget Balance, Loanable Funds, Money Supply

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pearfox370

3 Mar 2017

School

University of Maryland

Department

Economics

Course

ECON 201

Professor

Naveen Sarna

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ECON 201 Full Course Notes

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Econ201 lecture 11 notes march 2nd 2017. Exercise - use the loanable funds to model to analyze the effects of a government budget deficit. Draw the diagram showing the initial equilibrium. Determine which curve shifts when the government runs a budget deficit. Draw the new curve on your diagram. Our analysis: increase in budget deficit causes fall in investment. The government borrows to finance its deficit, leaving less funds available for investment. Hence, budget defi(cid:272)its redu(cid:272)e the e(cid:272)o(cid:374)o(cid:373)y"s gro(cid:449)th rate a(cid:374)d future sta(cid:374)dard of li(cid:448)i(cid:374)g. Medium of exchange: an item buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and services. Unit of account: the yardstick people use to post prices and record debts. Store of value: an item people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future. Commodity money: takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic value: ex: gold coins, cigarettes in prisoners of war camps.

Related Questions

27.Individuals with low incomes probably

a. pay no Social Security tax

b. pay more Social Security tax than income tax

c. pay less Social Security tax than personal income tax

d. pay no taxes at all

e. are avoiding most of their tax payments

28. Which of the following is true?

a. The federal budget deficit is a flow and so is the national debt.

b. The national debt is both a stock and a flow.

c. The federal budget deficit is a stock and the national debt is a flow.

d. The federal budget deficit is a flow and the national debt is a stock.

e. The federal budget deficit is stock and so is the national debt.

30. When the U.S. government runs a deficit, it usually does the following:

a. it buys government bonds from the public

b. it asks the Treasury Department to print money to pay for the deficit

c. it sells new government bonds to the public

d. it borrows money directly from the Federal Reserve

e. it asks the Federal Reserve to print money to pay for the deficit

32. Under what condition can the U.S. government continue to pay interest on a rising debt without eventually needing to increase the average tax rate?

a. if the national debt grows at the same rate as nominal GDP

b. if the nominal interest on the national debt grows faster than nominal GDP

c. if the total interest payments on the national debt grow faster than nominal GDP

d. if the national debt grows faster than nominal GDP

e. if the real interest on the national debt grows faster than real GDP

34.The national debt

a. will be zero when the federal budget is balanced.

b. has been shrinking in the last 30 years.

c. is equal to the governmentâs budget deficit.

d. can grow without negative economic effects.

36.In the long run,

a. an increase in the federal budget deficit can lower the interest rate and investment spending.

b. an increase in the federal budget deficit can raise the interest rate and investment spending.

c. a decrease in the federal budget deficit can lower the interest rate and raise investment spending.

d. a decrease in the federal budget deficit can raise the interest rate and lower investment spending.

44. If the Fed conducts open market purchases (of bonds), we should expect to see the money supply

a. decrease, the interest rate increase, autonomous consumption decrease, business investment decrease, and real GDP decrease

b. increase, the interest rate decrease, autonomous consumption decrease, business investment decrease, and real GDP decrease

c. increase, the interest rate decrease, autonomous consumption increase, business investment increase, and real GDP increase

d. decrease, the interest rate decrease, autonomous consumption increase, business investment increase, and real GDP decrease

e. decrease, the interest rate increase, autonomous consumption increase, business investment increase, and real GDP increase

48. In the classical model the interest rate is determined in the money market; in the short-run macro model, the interest rate is determined in the market for loanable funds.

a. true

b. false

yellowreindeer970

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) allow people to shelter some of their income from taxation. Suppose the maximum annual contribution to such accounts is $5,000 per person. Now suppose there is a decrease in the maximum contribution, from $5,000 to $3,000 per year. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. This change in the tax treatment of interest income from saving causes the equilibrium interest rate in the market for loanable funds to (rise, fall) and the level of investment spending to (decrease, increase). An investment tax credit effectively lowers the tax bill of any firm that purchases new capital in the relevant time period. Suppose the government repeals a previously existing investment tax credit. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. The repeal of the previously existing tax credit causes the interest rate to (rise,fall) and the level of saving to (rise, fall). Initially, the government's budget is balanced, then the government significantly increases spending on national defense without changing taxes. This change in spending causes the government to run a budget (deficit, surplus), which (increases, decreases)national saving. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. This causes the interest rate to (fall, rise), (crowding out, increasing) the level of investment spending.

blushfox941

40. If the inflation rate falls below the rate that is expected, which of the following will happen?
A) inflationary expectations will increase and the Phillips curve will shift downward in the short run
B) inflationary expectations will decrease and the short-run Phillips curve will shift downward in the long run
C) inflationary expectations will decrease and the short-run Phillips curve will shift upward in the long run
D) inflationary expectations will increase and the Phillips curve will shift upward in the short run
E) inflationary expectations will decrease and the Phillips curve will shift downward in the short run

41. Which case represents the largest increase in the real national debt?
A) the price level increases by 500 percent and nominal debt increases by 500 percent
B) the price level increases by 200 percent and nominal debt increases by 600 percent
C) the price level decreases by 50 percent and nominal debt increases by 300 percent
D) the price level increases by 400 percent and nominal debt increases by 200 percent
E) the price level decreases by 90 percent and nominal debt increases by 200 percent

42. Which of the following is a transfer payment?
A) the federal government's budget deficit
B) unemployment compensation payments
C) military spending
D) wages of government employees
E) the excise tax on gasoline

43. One problem with using countercyclical fiscal policy is that
A) it may take months for the policy to be enacted
B) the policy may take effect too quickly
C) the money supply cannot be changed until several months have passed
D) tax cuts must be matched with spending changes
E) it has no effect on consumption spending

44. Suppose you are the president of a large bank. In which situation would you be most reluctant to loan money to a country?
A) its nominal debt is $10 trillion
B) its nominal debt is 1 percent of nominal GDP
C) its nominal deficit is $150 billion
D) its real deficit is 100 percent of real GDP
E) its real debt is 1 percent of real GDP

45. The national debt
A) can be paid off without major economic effects
B) need never be paid off
C) is no more serious a problem than is a corporation's debt
D) should not exist during a period of economic prosperity
E) is the simple sum of post budget deficits

46. Tax avoidance
A) reduces the difference between the average and marginal tax rates
B) increases federal revenue when it reduces the need for IRS workers
C) reduces federal revenue but does not affect tax progressivity
D) makes the tax system less progressive
E) makes the tax system more progressive

47. The national debt
A) is currently greater than the annual federal deficit
B) is reduced by the revenue generated from the federal deficit
C) decreases as the deficit is reduced
D) is a flow variable
E) varies depending on developments in the stock market

48. In the long run,
A) a larger budget deficit means a larger money supply
B) lower investment spending means slower growth of the standard of living
C) a larger budget deficit means higher consumption spending
D) a larger budget surplus means a smaller capital stock
E) government spending has no effect on the budget deficit or surplus

49. In an expansion,
A) federal budget deficits tend to rise
B) federal budget deficits tend to fall
C) the federal debt tends to rise faster than in a recession
D) federal government tax receipts tend to fall
E) there is pressure on the Fed to monetize the debt

50. Which of the following is not considered an automatic stabilizer?
A) food stamp program for people with low incomes
B) welfare program for families with dependent children
C) Medicaid, a health program for the poor
D) financial assistance for disabled people
E) unemployment programs that pay benefits to those who lose their jobs

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ECON 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Government Budget Balance, Loanable Funds, Money Supply

ECON 201 Full Course Notes

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