KNES 370 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Striatum, Rise Time, Key Light
9 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture 18
Context Specific Period: Motor and Cognition II
Which of the following characterizes motor skills in context specific period of motor
development compared to FMP?
- Skills are dependent to greater extent on what is cultural promoted in context specific
period
- Practice and experience is critical to context specific period skills
Context Specific Skills
- 7-11
o most times goes beyond 11
- ends when we become skillful
- skills are unique to individual (ontogenetic)
- promoted by family. Friends, culture
- coincide with changes in cognitive abilities
- acquisition of these skills is dependent on context based knowledges and experiences
- practice and instruction become important mediators
- both fine and gross motor skills
- observed from 7-11 years of age or until skillful behavior is achieved
Organism Constraint: CNS Development
- the brain is the most important organ in the body
o movement is final outcome of brain processes
o brain helps interact with environment
- NO changes in number of neurons (fixed after birth)
- changes in myelination (cover of neurons in brain so can change the speed)
- changes are in connections (can increase or decrease—depends if you use it)
o connections due to experiences (lower or heighten—depends if you use it)
- evidence study of property of brain
o more gray matter, then more neural connections, and with more experience,
then more connections
- do’t eed to kow this, ut eed to kow how gra ad white atter hages with age
and what it is
o 4 lobes of cortical area
▪ frontal lobe- responsible for higher cognitive process and motor action
▪ temporal lobe—auditory sensory information and memory
▪ occipital lobe- visual cortex—processing visual information
▪ parietal—tactile and spatial functioning
- each area of brain has different functions
- study—Gled 1999
o measures cerebral volume (size of brain) and gray matter and white matter
(myelination)
▪ white matter increases with age
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ volume increases with age also
▪ gray matter increases in occipital (visual)
• in frontal—develops a lot in adolescent and increases in
adolescence
• develop at different times because different times is needed
o frontal lobe matures the latest
▪ later than other parts of the brain
o need to know the connection development between different areas of brain
▪ child
• prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe) and striatum (basal ganglia—
responsible for action selection) are both immaturely connected
o connection matures with age
▪ adolescents
• prefrontal cortex is maturely connected to striatum, but striatum
is not maturely connected to PFC
▪ adult
• prefrontal cortex and striatum are maturely connected to each
other
Model Based and Model Free
- model based- use sensorimotor mapping to predict which action you choose
o have a map in your brain and you use it to predict outcome
o connection between prefrontal cortex and cerebellum
▪ prefrontal cortex= decisions
- Model free- when you see something, you do something, no model
- Connection between prefrontal cortex and striatum= model based because higher
thinking process
- But if you rely on striatum, then use habits to produce action and not sensori motor
mapping, model free (habits not sensori motor mapping)
Perceptual Cognitive Development
- Functional Organism Constraints
o Perception action maps
o Perceptual-cognitive functioning
▪ Speed of processing
• Knowledge base/memory
• Attention
• Working memory
• Motivation
Functional Organism Constraints: Perception Action Maps
- Catching tennis balls
o Age 7, 7% caught and 77% contact
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
