PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Unconscious Mind
23 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Behavior
● Behavior is determined by multiple causes
● Shaped by cultural heritage
● Hereditary and environmental influences
Cognitive Psychologists
● People are information processing systems and is determined by the mental
interpretation of exposure
● Psychodynamic: driven by dark forces of the unconscious mind. Determined by
needs. Conflicts, repressed memories and childhood experiences.
● Humanistic: emphasizes human growth and potential. Influence of self concept,
perception, interpersonal relationships, and need for growth
● Behavioral: behavior is shaped by learning
● Sociocultural:people are social animals
● Ethnocentric: your own culture is superior
● Behavior is adapted over time
● Psychiatrists can only prescribe medication
● The body and brain enables human behavior
○ Behavior is determined by neural structures and brain chemistry
● Developmental: we go through developmental stages of life that shape our
behavior
● Nature vs. nurture debate
● Skinner agreed with watson that behavior is controlled by external factors
● Organisms tend to repeat positive responses not negative responses
● Free will is an illusion
● Humanist agreed that psychology was dehumanizing and that they only focused
on animal behavior
● Humanists emphasize on qualities such as human growth and free will
● Carl rogers and maslow thought that humanism is based on self concept
● In WWII psychology became a clinical profession
● Themes of psychology:
○ Empirical- the premise of knowledge is based on experimentation
○ It is theoretically diverse-- no single theory solves the problem
○ Evolves in socio historical context
● Theories of emotion
○ James lange theory:
■ Experience of emotion is physiological responses to emotion
arousing stimuli
■ Heart race and then fear
■ Feeling emotions based on biological change
■ Body reaction first and then the mind
○ Cannon Bard Theory
■ Emotion arousing stimuli trigger the physical response at the same
time.
■ One is not the cause of the other
○ Singer Schachter Two factor theory
■ Biology and cognition interact with each other to increase emotional
experience
● Primary Enforcer;
○ An innately reinforcing such as a biological need
● Conditioned reinforcer
○ Gained through learned association of reward
● Extinction: process where behavior that was once learned begins to go away
without reinforcement
● Shaping: behavior gets closer and closer to desired behavior
● Continuous reinforcement: reinforcing everytime the behavior is done
● Partial: only some of the time the behavior is reinforced
● 4 types:
○ Ratio: provide reward after a certain number of responses
○ Interval: provide reward after a certain interval of time
○ Fixed ratio: rewards appear after a certain number of responses
○ Variable: reward appears randomly
● Punishment: an aversive stimulus diminishes the strength of the behavior
● Positive: application of aversisive stimulus after a response
● Negative:removal of an aversisve stimulus after a response
● The use and abuse of punishment:
○ Effect of it ususally disppears wen the threat of punishment goes away
○ Often triggers agression
○ May exhibit new behaviors to tackle the punishment
○ It is often applied unequally
● Alternatives to punishment;
○ Extinction
○ Reinforce preffered activties
○ Premack principle:
■ Positive reinforcment: reinforcing an undesirable activity with
desirable activties
■ Prompting and shaping
■
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Document Summary
People are information processing systems and is determined by the mental interpretation of exposure. Psychodynamic: driven by dark forces of the unconscious mind. Influence of self concept, perception, interpersonal relationships, and need for growth. The body and brain enables human behavior. Behavior is determined by neural structures and brain chemistry. Developmental: we go through developmental stages of life that shape our behavior. Skinner agreed with watson that behavior is controlled by external factors. Organisms tend to repeat positive responses not negative responses. Humanist agreed that psychology was dehumanizing and that they only focused on animal behavior. Humanists emphasize on qualities such as human growth and free will. Carl rogers and maslow thought that humanism is based on self concept. In wwii psychology became a clinical profession. Empirical- the premise of knowledge is based on experimentation. It is theoretically diverse-- no single theory solves the problem. Experience of emotion is physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli.
