PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Color Vision, Opponent Process, Semicircular Canals
6 Jul 2018
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● Sensation is the process by which we detect physical energy
● Perception is the process which we select, organize and interpret sensory
information
● Bottom up processing: is the analysis that begins with the sensory
receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information
● Top down processing: is the information processing guided by higher level
mental processes
● Psychophysics is the study of relationships and between the physical
characteristics of stimulus and our psychological experience of them
● The absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a
stimulus 50 percent of the time
● Signal detection theory explains precisely how and when we detect the
presence of a faint stimulus. Detection depends partly on experience,
expectations, motivation and alertness.
● A stimulus that is siblinial is one that is below the absolute threshold for
conscious awareness
● Priming is the citation of an association by an inspectable stimulus, the
effect of which is to predispose a perceptions memory or a response.
● The difference threshold is the minimum difference between two stimuli
that a subject that can detect 50 percent of the time.
● Weber's law states that the just noticeable difference between two stimuli
is a contact minimum proportion of a stimulus.
● Sensory adaptation refers to the decreased sensitivity that occurs with
conted exposure to an unchanging stimulus.
● Wavelength refers to the distance from the peak of one light wave to the
next gives rise to the perceptual experience of hue or color
● The intensity of light and sound is determined by the amplitude of the
waves and his experiences by the brightness and loudness respectively
● The pupil is the adjustable opening in the eye which light enters
● The iris is a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored part of a eye that
controls the diameter of the pupil
● The lens is the transparent structure of the eye behind the pupil that
changes shape to focus images on the retina
● The accommodation is the process by which the lens of the eye changes
shape to focus images on the retina
● The retina is the light sensitive multi layer inner surface of the eye that
contains rods and cones
● Acuity refers to the sharpness of vision
● Nearsightedness is where objects are seen clearly but distant objects are
bluffed farsightedness is where it is easy to see images from a distance but
not from up close
● The fovea is the retinas point of central focus and only contains cones
● The opponent process theory maintains that color vision depends o pairs
of opposing retinal processes. Explains the second stage of color
processing
● Color constancy is the perception that familiar objects have considered
consistent color despite changes in illumination that shift the wavelengths
they reflect
● Audition refers to the sense of hearing
● The pitch of the sound is determined by the frequency that is the number
of complete wavelengths that can pass a point in a given time
● Frequency is related to whale length. Longer wavelengths produce lower
pitch and shorter waves have higher picts
● The middle ear is the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea
containing the three problems that concentrate the eardrums vibration on
the coals oval window
● The cochlea is the coiled bony fluid filled tube of the inner ear where the
transduction of sound waves into neural impulses occurs
● The inner ear contains the semicircular canals and coachella and that
includes receptors that transduce sound energy into neural impulses
● The Place theory of hearing states that we hear different pitches because
sound waves of various frequencies trigger activity at different places on
the cochlea basilar membrane
● The place theory maintains that the place of maximum vibration along the
cochelas membrane is the basis of pitch discrimination
● The frequency theory of hearing presumes that the rate or frequency of
nerve impulse that the rate or frequency of nerve impulses matches the
tone and thus enables pitch
● Conduction hearing loss refers to hearing loss that results from damage in
the mechanics of the outer or middle ear which impairs the conduction of
sound waves to the cochlea
Document Summary
Sensation is the process by which we detect physical energy. Perception is the process which we select, organize and interpret sensory information. Bottom up processing: is the analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information. Top down processing: is the information processing guided by higher level mental processes. Psychophysics is the study of relationships and between the physical characteristics of stimulus and our psychological experience of them. The absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time. Signal detection theory explains precisely how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus. Detection depends partly on experience, expectations, motivation and alertness. A stimulus that is siblinial is one that is below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness. Priming is the citation of an association by an inspectable stimulus, the effect of which is to predispose a perceptions memory or a response.
