PSY 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Headache
Document Summary
E. l. thorndike: problem solving in cats, escapable shock. Law of effect: behaviors that are reinforced increase, probability of response depends on consequence. Positive: adding, positive reinforcement: money/privileges for good grades, positive punisher: paddling. Negative: removal, negative reinforcement: tylenol for headache, car windshield wipers, negative punishment: take tv away in order to study. Punishment and conditioning: punishment becomes aversive, people or behaviors are associated with punishment. Behavior seems to produce reinforcement so it is repeated. Generalization & discrimination: responding or not responding to similar or different stimuli. Extinction: decrease in responding by withholding reinforcement. Shaping: reinforcing closer and closer approximations of target behavior, individual behaviors, skinner"s pigeons, training a dog to shake, teaching athletes specific skills. Chaining: linking a sequence of shaped behaviors, training a dog to sit, shake, lay down, roll over, etc. Continuous reinforcement: every correct behavior is rewarded. Fixed ratio: set number of behaviors = reinforcement, work, high response/behavior rates. Fixed interval: set time before reinforcement, work.
