BIOL 1082 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Thoracic Cavity
Ch. 48 LO
Circulation and Respiration, I Textbook Reading: Sections: 48.1-48.5
1. Compare and contrast the lungs of frogs, birds and mammals, in terms of structure
and function.
• Frogs:
o Positive pressure breathe ring: inflating the lungs with forced airflow.
o During inhalation muscles lower the floor of the aphibias’ oral cavity driving in air
through its nose
o Nose closed and oral cavity rises forcing air town the trachea
o Also, breath through skin
• Birds:
o Air sacs that act as bellows that keep air flowing through lungs
o Instead of dead ends like aveilo, parabronchi are channels that aid in gas exchange
o Highly efficient
o New air does not mix
• Mammals:
o Negative Pressure Breathing, pulling air into their lungs by the expansion(contract)
of a diaphragm
o Expanding the thoracic cavity, air pressure is lower air rushes into the lungs
o Air mixes with old air and not all the old air is forced out of the body
o Low tidal volume
2. Describe how the nervous system regulates breathing.
• The autonomic nervous system has three components:
* sympathetic nervous system
* parasympathetic nervous system
• Both control other bodily functions, HR, BP, digestion, metabolism, reproduction,
breathing, excretion
* Enteric nervous system-coordinating the digestive functions of the GI tract
• Chemoreceptors: detects the amount of CO2 in the blood
• If pH is too low hemoglobin will dump O2 into the blood to raise the pH
• Baroreceptors: Blood Pressure
1. Increases the heart rate when pressure falls
2. Draw the overall structure of hemoglobin, describing how it carries O2 and how its
affinity for O2 changes depending on environmental conditions.
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Document Summary
Circulation and respiration, i textbook reading: sections: 48. 1-48. 5. Describe how the nervous system regulates breathing: the autonomic nervous system has three components: * parasympathetic nervous system: both control other bodily functions, hr, bp, digestion, metabolism, reproduction, breathing, excretion. * enteric nervous system-coordinating the digestive functions of the gi tract: chemoreceptors: detects the amount of co2 in the blood, baroreceptors: blood pressure. If ph is too low hemoglobin will dump o2 into the blood to raise the ph: increases the heart rate when pressure falls. Draw the overall structure of hemoglobin, describing how it carries o2 and how its affinity for o2 changes depending on environmental conditions. Compare and contrast the structure and function of myoglobin to that of hemoglobin: myoglobin is found in vertebrate muscle cells. Hemoglobin is sometimes referred to as the oxygen transport protein, in order to contrast it with its stationary cousin myoglobin, although its function and mechanism are more complex than this name would suggest.
