BIOL 2200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 42: Countercurrent Exchange, Gas Exchange, Air Sacs

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limesardine98

16 Apr 2017

School

University of Virginia

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2200

Professor

Jessamyn Manson

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Document Summary

42. 5 gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces. Gas exchange- uptake of molecular o2 from the environment and discharge of co2 into the environment. Partial pressure gradients in gas exchange: partial pressure pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases. Respiratory media: air is a mixture of gases from which we extract co2 from, easier to extract o2 from air than water, adaptations evolved for aquatic animals to do gas exchange more efficiently. Tracheal system in insects: tracheal system network of air tubes that branch throughout the body. Lungs: localized, unlike tracheal systems, circulatory system needed to transport o2 to the rest of the body, mammalian respiratory system. Air enters through nostrils and is filtered by nose hairs. Lined with epithelium lining and mucus, which traps unwanted public. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into surrounding capillaries. White blood cells engulf particles and protect from infection. How amphibians breathe: positive pressure breathing inflating lungs with forced airflow, inhalation.

Related Questions

1. Match the word 1-39 above, with the descriptions labled a-t. Word 1-39 can be uses only one please!!

1. alveolar macrophages 2. alveoli 3. Bohr effect 4. bronchi 5. bronchiole 6. cerebral cortex 7. chloride shift 8. compliance 9. costal breathing 10. Daltonâs law 11. diaphragmatic breathing 12. epiglottis 13. eupnea 14. expiratory reserve volume 15. fauces 16. functional residual capacity 17. Haldane effect 18. Henryâs law 19. hilum 20. hypothalamus 21. inferior, middle, and superior nasal meatuses 22. inspiratory capacity 23. larynx 24. limbic system 25. medulla oblongata 26. nose 27. paranasal sinuses 28. pharynx 29. pleural membranes 30. pons 31. primary bronchus 32. secondary bronchus 33. surface tension 34. surfactant 35. terminal bronchiole 36. tertiary bronchus 37. total lung capacity 38. trachea 39. vital capacity

a) -------------------- serves as a sound resonating chamber; contains tonsils; directs air inferiorly

b) ------------------- passes air from pharynx into windpipe; site of sound production

c) ------------------ resonate(s) sound; not part of pharynx

D) ------------------ opening from oral cavity into pharynx

E) ----------------- carries air to a segment of a lung

F) -------------------- carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole

G) ----------------- surround the lungs

H) ------------------ reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange

i) -------------------- actual sites of gas exchange

j) --------------------- normal, quiet breathing

k) ----------------------- shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles

l) ------------------ amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall

m) ------------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males

n) ----------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males

o) ------------------- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males

p) -------------------- states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility

q) ---------------- when pH decreases, O₂ saturation of hemoglobin decreases

r) ------------------ each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure

s) ------------------- sets basic rhythm of breathing

t) ------------------------ includes the pontine respiratory group

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BIOL 2200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 42: Countercurrent Exchange, Gas Exchange, Air Sacs

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