BIS 2C Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Henipavirus, Rinderpest, Black Death
27 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Outline Lect
11 2017
Symbiosis
Range of interactions between two or more organisms, whether both are benefiting or only one
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Symbiosis is just two unlike organisms living in close association
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Types of Symbioses
Mutualism: positive interaction for both org
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Commensalism: positive for one, no effect on other
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Parasitism: positive for one negative for the other
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Pathogens vs Parasites
Pathogen: biological agent that causes disease in the host
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Parasite: organism living on or in host, obtaining nutrient
May or may not be a pathogen
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Disease is injurious physiological activity; constant irritation by primary causal factor and expressed in
characteristic pathological conditions called symptoms
Infectious: disease caused by pathogen and can be spread from diseased to healthy
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Non-infectious: caused by environmental/host. No spread
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*Fun Fact*: high income countries - most deaths caused by non infectious diseases; low income -
infectious
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Sources of Human Diseases
Host Jumping: came originally from animal pathogen and then mutates to infect humans (not
transmitted from the animal)
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Zoonotic: disease transmitted from animals to humans
Yersinia pestis - black plague ****** test question on this
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Small Pox and Rinderpest (eradicated from earth, now only in labs)
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Case Study: Using molecular tools to Study origin of disease
Nipah virus (Contagion movie based on this virus): bats are a great vector for viral diseases
Mixed agriculture of animals and fruits allows for this viral transfer
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Cholera in Haiti: After earthquake, cholera outbreak exploded
Due to poor waste management by UN group
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Used gene study to find the origin
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Mutualism and Commensalism
Several pounds of humans are microbes
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Where Microbe Communities live
Skin/conjunctiva
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GI tract
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A lot of the microbes we have come from our moms before and after birth
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KEY POINTS
Own microbiome is fairly stable over time and is variation from person to person
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Microbiomes on diff body sites are similar in everyone
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When microbiomes are classified by bacterial species they have, each person's is different
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If microbiome are classified by the presence of different functional capabilities, they are very
similar between people such as
Digesting different carbs, synthesizing vitamins, breaking down toxins
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Gut microbiomes
Can help with metabolism of drugs, food
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Protection against pathogens
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Regenerate guy epithelial cells
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Things affecting Microbiome:
Antibiotic use
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Breastfeeding
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Family size
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C sections
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Helicobacter pylori - responsible for ulcers and has been in our genomes for ages
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Diseases associated with changing microbial communities
Asthma
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Obesity
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Autism
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Allergies
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Crohn's disease
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Example of Microbiome treatment of C diff - fecal transplants
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Human Associated Microbes (11)
Friday, January 26, 2018
12:05 PM
Document Summary
Range of interactions between two or more organisms, whether both are benefiting or only. Symbiosis is just two unlike organisms living in close association. Commensalism: positive for one, no effect on other. Parasitism: positive for one negative for the other. Pathogen: biological agent that causes disease in the host. Parasite: organism living on or in host, obtaining nutrient. Disease is injurious physiological activity; constant irritation by primary causal factor and e characteristic pathological conditions called symptoms. Infectious: disease caused by pathogen and can be spread from diseased to healthy. *fun fact*: high income countries - most deaths caused by non infectious diseases; low inc infectious. Host jumping: came originally from animal pathogen and then mutates to infect human transmitted from the animal) Yersinia pestis - black plague ****** test question on this. Small pox and rinderpest (eradicated from earth, now only in labs) Case study: using molecular tools to study origin of disease.
