BIO SCI 38 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Saltatory Conduction, Cell Membrane, Growth Factor
11 Jan 2020
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Document Summary
In addition to classical neurotransmitters, neurons have receptors for a diverse number of extracellular signals. Cytokines (released by microglia/neurons as a result of stress, injury, disease) Hormones, growth factors, and neuromodulators work together with glutamate and gaba to fine tune neuronal gene expression, protein biochemistry, and firing. The resting potential is negative because there is a higher net concentration of positively charged ions (like sodium and calcium) on the outside of the neuron. The sodium / potassium pump (na+/k+ pump) uses lots of atp after an action potential to restore the proper concentrations of na+/k+ across the plasma membrane. Faster conduction of nerve impulses; saltatory conduction ; from saltare (latin)- to leap or hop. Action potentials (ap) only at nodes of ranvier. Insulation facilitates membrane current transmission in regions of myelination (faster conductance) Uses sodium/potassium pump much less-- saves lots of atp.
