PUBHLTH 147 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Xerostomia, Agonist, Tardive Dyskinesia
20 Sep 2017
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Document Summary
Traditional antipsychotics: first drugs a(cid:448)aila(cid:271)le to treat psy(cid:272)hosis (cid:894)(cid:1005)95(cid:1004)"s(cid:895, e. g. , haldol, mellarill, thorazine (see table 12-1, dopamine antagonists, some undesirable side effects including motor problems. Second generation antipsychotics: dopamine-blocking action is less potent, other actions on serotonin receptors, e. g. risperdal, clozaril. Epidemiology of psychosis: schizophrenia affects ~1% of the population, men slightly higher rates than women, 3. 1 million in the u. s. prescribed antipsychotic drugs in 2011. Chronic effects: antipsychotics alter metabolism and slow activity and thus often causes weight gain, permanent motor problems, tremors, rigidity, muscle spasms, and problems with gait and balance, walk with a shuffle, tardive dyskinesia. Involuntary movements of the mouth, tongue, trunk, arms, and legs: hormonal changes - increase prolactin, inhibit growth hormone, elevated risk of birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Tolerance and withdrawal: tolerance develops and symptoms may return, dose is raised or drug is switched, withdrawal includes difficulty sleeping and malaise, not addictive, people do not crave antipsychotic drugs.
