CHM 2041 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism
Document Summary
The 4th quantum number is the spin quantum number ms. This quantum number tells us the spin and orientation of the magnetic field of the electrons. Exclusion principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers, n, l , ml, ms. Unpaired electrons have their spins aligned or in different orbitals. This increases the magnetic field of the atom. Total spin does not equal 0 because they add up. Atoms with unpaired electrons (at least 1) are paramagnetic. The spins are not aligned in paired electrons. Atoms with no unpaired electrons are called diamagnetic (all are paired) Diamagnetic atoms are not attracted to a magnet. The process for obtaining the ground state electronic structure of any atom is the aufbau principle. Start at lowest energy orbital 1s then 2s, then 2p, followed by 3s, 3p, 4s, then. Electronic configurations of the elements on the periodic table (aufbau.
