GEOG M109 Lecture 1: GEOGM109

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12 Jan 2017

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Geog m109 human impact on the biophysical environment. The rate at which the earth is warming is faster than ever before in history. Global temperatures are higher than they were since the last ice age 11,300 years ago. The warmest years in the past 100 years have happened within the 2000s. One effect (of many) associated with (man-made) climate change is desertification, as evidenced by the water shortage in central asia (kazakhstan: the development of ideas and issues. In the late 18th and early 19th century, studies of torrents of the alps greatly enhanced the realization of human capacity to change the environment. Because people started noticing the link between deforestation of the. Alps and flooding, siltation, erosion, and division of water. Comte buffon (count buffon, 1707-1788, france, naturalist) Regarded as the first western scientist to be concerned with the human impact on natural environment.

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Consider an Earth-like planet hit by an asteroid. The planet hasmass Mp = 3.59 Ã 1023 kg and radius Rp = 6.08 Ã 106 m, and you mayapproximate it as a solid ball of uniform
density. It rotates on its axis once every T = 35 hr. The asteroidhas mass Ma =2.01 Ã 1017 kg and speed va = 26900 m/s (relative tothe planetâs center); its velocity vector points = 54? below theEastward horizontal. The impact happens at an equatorial location.First, calculate the planetâs angular momentum (relative to itsspin axis) before the impact.
Answer in units of kgm2/s.

Part B) Calculate the asteroidâs angular momentum relative to theplanetary axis.
Answer in units of kgm2/s.

Part C)The impact is totally inelastic â the asteroid is stuck inthe planetâs crust. But thanks to the asteroidâs angular momentum,the planet rotates faster after the impact than it didbefore.
By how many seconds has the collision shortened the planetary day?For simplicity, ignore the effect of the asteroidâs mass on theplanetâs moment of inertia
and assume Iafter = Ibefore planet .
Warning: At intermediate stages of this calculation, do not roundoff intermediate results and keep at least 7 significantdigits.
Answer in units of s.

Superluminal jets. Fig. (a) shows the path by a knot in a jet ofionized gas that has been expelled from a galaxy. The knot travelsat constant velocity at angle ? from the direction of Earth. Theknot occasionally emits a burst of light, which is eventuallydetected on Earth. Two bursts are indicated in Fig . (a), separatedby time t as measured in a stationary frame near the bursts. Thebursts are shown in Fig. (a) as if they were photographed on thesame piece of film, first when light from burst 1 arrived on Earthand then later when light from burst 2 arrived. The apparentdistance Dapp traveled by the knot between the two bursts is thedistance across an Earth-observer's view of the knot's path. Theapparent time Tapp between the bursts is the difference in thearrival times of the light from them. The apparent speed of theknot is then Vapp = Dapp/Tapp.

(a) What are Dapp and Tapp? (Use the following as necessary: t, v,?, and c for the speed of light.)

Dapp =
Tapp =

(b) Evaluate Vapp for v = 0.963c and ? = 28Â°. When superluminal(faster than light) jets were first observed, they seem to defyspecial relativity-at least the correct geometry (Fig (b)) wasunderstood.

1. The record for the fastest marathon run is 26.164 miles in 2.08hours. If the runner were a progressive wave, how quickly would hebe traveling in m/s?

2. You have been asked to help in the design of a new powergenerator which harnesses the power of progressive waves travelinginto shore. The power generator has to be located in shallow waterright at the coastline, and the engineers have informed you thatthe machine will only operate at peak capacity when the incomingwave speeds are 6.5m/s. How deep do you dredge to ensure that thewaves coming in from the open ocean will keep the power generatorworking at peak capacity? Which wavelengths will diminish the powergenerator's efficiency?

3. On 11 March 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake occured in thePacific Ocean, centered 99 kilometers SE from Kesennuma, Japan.Assuming that the water depth above the earthquake epicenter was2200 meters, how much time did the residents of Kesennuma (andnearby coastal villages) have to get to higher ground before theTsunami hit the coast?

4. The Earth's orbit around the sun is not a perfect circle; it is,in fact, elliptical. In January, the Earth is 147 million kiometersfrom the Sun. In July, the Earth is 152 kilometers from the Sun. Ifthe tide-generating force from the Sun is F(sun)=1/r^2, how do youthink the amplitude of the spring tides in winter would comparewith those of the spring tides in the summer (assuming northernhemisphere seasonality)?

GEOG M109 Lecture 1: GEOGM109

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