PHILOS 22 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Modus Tollens, Modus Ponens, Deductive Reasoning
Document Summary
Singer"s famine, affluence, and morality moral philosophy: we can use reason to re ect on our circumstances and identify a code of conduct to describe our behavior. Assertion argument: providing reasons for your claim assertion: just a claim. 2)premises and conclusion premises: are building blocks for a conclusion conclusion: follows an assumption of reasons. 3)deductive vs. non-deductive deductive: if it is a good argument the truth of the conclusion follows the truth of the premises non-deductive: making observations and forming a general claim. Modus ponens: if p then q. p. therefore q. Modus tollens: if p then q. not q. therefore not p. Disjunctive syllogism: either p or q. not p. therefore q. Denying the consequent if p then q not p therefore not q. Non-sequitur: a claim that is not logically connected to the argument. Ad-hominem: argument that attacks the person as opposed to the argument.
