PHILOS 31 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Natural Deduction, Free Variables And Bound Variables, Sentence Clause Structure

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15 Apr 2018
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Valid = premises necessitate the truth of the conclusion, if premises are all true, then conclusion must be true. This is a class of deductive logic, concerned with the property of the argument being valid. Technical definition of argument: set of sentences, one of which is designated as the conclusion. W(cid:312) (cid:318)(cid:321)(cid:322)(cid:330) (cid:316)(cid:327)(cid:1121)(cid:326) (cid:308) (cid:310)(cid:322)(cid:321)(cid:310)(cid:319)(cid:328)(cid:326)(cid:316)(cid:322)(cid:321) (cid:309)(cid:312)(cid:310)(cid:308)(cid:328)(cid:326)(cid:312) (cid:1122)(cid:327)(cid:315)(cid:312)(cid:325)(cid:312)(cid:313)(cid:322)(cid:325)(cid:312)(cid:1123) (cid:1122)(cid:326)(cid:322)(cid:1123) (cid:1122)(cid:327)(cid:315)(cid:328)(cid:326)(cid:1123) (cid:1122)(cid:312)(cid:325)(cid:314)(cid:322)(cid:1123) Soundness= valid and all premises are true. Implication: a set of sentences (premises) implies a given sentence (conclusion) if and only if the truth of the given sentence is guaranteed by the truth of all the members of the set. S(cid:312)(cid:321)(cid:327)(cid:312)(cid:321)(cid:310)(cid:312) a (cid:316)(cid:320)(cid:323)(cid:319)(cid:316)(cid:312)(cid:326) (cid:308)(cid:321)(cid:322)(cid:327)(cid:315)(cid:312)(cid:325) (cid:326)(cid:312)(cid:321)(cid:327)(cid:312)(cid:321)(cid:310)(cid:312) b (cid:316)(cid:313) (cid:308)(cid:321)(cid:311) (cid:322)(cid:321)(cid:319)(cid:332) (cid:316)(cid:313) a(cid:1121)(cid:326) (cid:327)(cid:325)(cid:328)(cid:327)(cid:315) (cid:314)(cid:328)(cid:308)(cid:325)(cid:308)(cid:321)(cid:327)(cid:312)(cid:312)(cid:326) b(cid:1121)(cid:326) Logical equivalence, if they agree in truth value. Sentence a is equivalent to sentence b if and only if a and b agree in truth value. First we must extract the logical structure from each sentence is.

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