PHYSCI 5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Fructose, Starch, Covalent Bond
Chapter 2 Carbohydrates Pg. 6-24
Carbs are Essential -- they are fuel
- Lipid as a source of energy
- Carbs can also be used as fuel - fast fuel - quick source of fuel
- Brain can use carbs as a source of energy
- RBC - cells that can only use glucose? Not fat
- Carry oxygen
- 1g = 4 calories
Most source of carbohydrates
- Plants and veggies
- Photosynthesis
- Wheat for bread
- Rice and potatoes (starchy food), sugarcane
- *liver* store lots of food- not just carbs but others too
- Liver can synthesize carbohydrates
Different types of carbohydrates
○ Most sugar we get are in the form of di and poly not mono
Monomers →
● Monosaccharides
○ Glucose
■ Most abundant
■ Eventually everything converts to glucose
■ Not consuming glucose by itself, but we find glucose in food like honey
○ Fructose
■ Sweetest
■ Food companies love putting this in their product, so they put less
quantity for more taste
■ Get it in some fruits by itself, naturally, but co usually manufacture
○ Galactose
■ Least abundant, don’t see by itself
■ You never consume it by itself, unless co manufacture it
● Disaccharides (3)
○ Lactose
■ Glucose + galactose linked together by a covalent bond
■ Dairy products, cheese, milk derivatives
■ Our digestive system must cleave it into individual glucose and galactose
● In the blood, it becomes glucose and galactose
○ Sucrose
■ Glucose + fructose
■ Tabled sugar
■ In fruits
○ Maltose
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PHYSCI 5 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Carbs can also be used as fuel - fast fuel - quick source of fuel. Brain can use carbs as a source of energy. *liver* store lots of food- not just carbs but others too. Most sugar we get are in the form of di and poly not mono. Not consuming glucose by itself, but we find glucose in food like honey. Food companies love putting this in their product, so they put less quantity for more taste. Get it in some fruits by itself, naturally, but co usually manufacture. You never consume it by itself, unless co manufacture it. Glucose + galactose linked together by a covalent bond. Our digestive system must cleave it into individual glucose and galactose. In the blood, it becomes glucose and galactose. We can completely break down starch (100% into blood) but not completely fiber (20-40%, not 100%) Fiber is a great way to regulate food.
