PSYCH 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: The Control Group, Henry Molaison, Hawthorne Effect
1/8/18 PSYCH10
- SONA Subject Pool: need 6 credits
o Experiments or abstract
- Psychology: the scientific investigation of behavior and mental processes
o Behavior – observable actions of humans and animals
o Mental processes: the mind, private inner experiences, perceptions, thoughts (decision
making), memories, feelings
- Hindsight bias: belief that an outcome was foreseeable (after it has occurred)
o ke it all alog effet
o Findings seem obviously once we know them
- The epet lid spot: oe ou ko the ase, it’s ipossile to eee hat it felt like to ot
know
o What we know about the world affects our perceptions of it
- The Bau effet: if ou gie people a list of ague haateristics, people will strongly identify
with them even when everyone can say it is them
o Shown in astrology
- Perceiving order in random events
o We try to find order/patterns in random events
o Rado seuees ofte do’t look ado
o Ex: hot hand in basketball – o a oll, gale’s falla – oud to oe up eetuall
o The scientific method helps us overcome our biases
- How have people approached questions about the mind and behavior throughout history?
o The mind/body problem: mind and body are separate, Pineal
o Hobbes and others: mind is what the brain does
o Nature v nurture
▪ How much of our abilities/knowledge is innate? – Plato
▪ How much is learned from experience? – Aristotle; blank slate view
o 1879: Wilhelm Wundt 1st psychology lab
▪ Reaction time studies
▪ Associated with structuralism
o Structuralism:
▪ Goal: to disoe the id’s stutue eakig do epeiees ito thei
underlying components
o Functionalism
▪ Goal: study the purpose of behaviors and mental processes by examining them in terms
of adaptation to the environment
▪ William James
o Behaviorism
▪ Predominant school of thought in American psychology from 1920s to 1960s
▪ Redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior
• Rejected introspection
o Cognitive revolution
▪ Reaction against behaviorism
o Freud
▪ Can uncover stuff from the unconscious to fix the present-day problems
▪ Very influential, but most theories were difficult to study scientifically
▪ Unconscious processing is mainstream
- Scientific method in psychology:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sona subject pool: need 6 credits: experiments or abstract courtneyclark@ucla. edu. Psychology: the scientific investigation of behavior and mental processes: behavior observable actions of humans and animals, mental processes: the mind, private inner experiences, perceptions, thoughts (decision making), memories, feelings. Hindsight bias: belief that an outcome was foreseeable (after it has occurred: (cid:862)k(cid:374)e(cid:449) it all alo(cid:374)g(cid:863) effe(cid:272)t, findings seem obviously once we know them. The e(cid:454)pe(cid:396)t (cid:271)li(cid:374)d spot: o(cid:374)(cid:272)e (cid:455)ou k(cid:374)o(cid:449) the a(cid:374)s(cid:449)e(cid:396), it"s i(cid:373)possi(cid:271)le to (cid:396)e(cid:373)e(cid:373)(cid:271)e(cid:396) (cid:449)hat it felt like to (cid:374)ot know: what we know about the world affects our perceptions of it. The (cid:862)ba(cid:396)(cid:374)u(cid:373)(cid:863) effe(cid:272)t(cid:863): if (cid:455)ou gi(cid:448)e people a list of (cid:448)ague (cid:272)ha(cid:396)a(cid:272)teristics, people will strongly identify with them even when everyone can say it is them: shown in astrology. Can uncover stuff from the unconscious to fix the present-day problems. What (cid:373)akes a good : theory, falsifiable be able to have some evidence that could prove you wrong, only as complex as needed, hypothesis, specific.
