CFD 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Prosocial Behavior, Telecommuting, Joint Attention
11 Jun 2018
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The Technique of Induction
• Explains to children the consequences of their actions
• Consequences to self (positive & negative)
o Positive: When you brush your teeth, your teeth are nice and clean and it helps
you not to get cavities
o Negative: If you run on the sidewalk, you might fall down and hurt yourself
• Consequences to others (positive & negative)
o Positive: When you share with Sally, Sally might share with you
o Negative: When you knock down Sally’s block’s, she feels sad because she
worked hard to build them up
The Use of Induction as Prevention or Motivation
• For prevention of problems:
o “Be sure to call me to let me know if you are going to be late.”
o “When you are not here when I expect you, I am concerned about whether you
are okay.”
▪ “Do you need a ride home?”; “Were you in an accident?”
• For motivation of prosocial behavior:
o “Why don’t you pick some flowers from the garden to take to Grandma?”
o “It pleases her so much to know you thought of her and she loves fresh
flowers.”
Natural & Logical Consequences
• Consequences are logically related to what the child has done
• Helps children to take responsibility for their behavior
• Natural consequences occur naturally – related to behavior
o Run on sidewalk, skin knees
o Need to take action such as induction to prevent these
• Logical consequences do not occur naturally
o But parents can use these to provide consequences that are logically related to
the behavior
o Example: If the child spills milk, the parent might ask the child to get a paper
and wipe it up
Problems Associated with Using Punishment
• Attempt to punish might actually serve as a reinforcement
o Example: if the child is misbehaving for attention
• In most cases, punishment is not logically related to the child’s problematic behavior
o If the child spills milk and the parent scolds the child, where’s the logic?
• A side effect of punishment is that it compromises the parent-child relationship
More Problems with Punishment
• Children subjected to repeated punishment are more likely to be aggressive
o Aggression promotes aggression
o If parents are models of aggression, children imitate those models
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Document Summary
But parents can use these to provide consequences that are logically related to the behavior: example: if the child spills milk, the parent might ask the child to get a paper and wipe it up. Problems associated with using punishment: attempt to punish might actually serve as a reinforcement, example: if the child is misbehaving for attention. More problems with punishment: punishment negatively affects children"s and adolescent"s development, children who consistently receive parental punishment have, lower levels of empathy for others, higher levels of antisocial behavior, less mature moral judgment, decreased popularity with peers. Promoting the cognitive development of infants and toddlers infant parent interactive process. Important to guide and instruct infants and toddlers as they interact with the persons and objects in their environment: everything the baby sees, hears, tastes, touches, and smells influences the way the brain connections get hooked up.
