BIOL 1107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Dehydration Reaction, Ketose, Pentose
Document Summary
Cells join smaller organic molecules together to form large molecules. They are called macromolecules and can consist of 1000s of atoms and can weigh 1,000,000 daltons. Three of the four classes of macromolecules form chainlike molecules called polymers. Polymers consist of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. The repeated units are small molecules called monomers. Each cell has thousands of different macromolecules. The diversity comes from various combinations of 40-50 common monomers and other rarer ones. Chemical mechanisms that cells use to make polymers. In dehydration synthesis, a molecule of water is removed from a short polymer and unlinked monomer making it a longer polymer. Disassembles the covalent bonds connecting monomers in a polymer. Monosaccharides generally have molecular formulas that are some multiple of. Most names for sugars end in -ose. They can be converted into other organic molecules. Monosaccharides have a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups.
