NURS 3110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Gram Staining, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Endoplasmic Reticulum
Document Summary
Optical methods: phase microscopy, light waves pass thru cell, emerge in different phases, allows visualization of internal structures, phase contrast: specific cellular structures, metabolic processes of organism. Microtubules: cell shape, form mitotic spindle and flagellar components. Microfilaments: allow movement and cell division: plasma membrane, protein and phospholipid, cellulose (plant cells, motility organelles, flagella. Longer, from polar regions propel cell through water: cilia. Shorter, surround cell: arranged in 9+2 system. 50% larger than gram-negative: the gram-negative cell envelope: outer membrane, more adherent towards lipid soluble particles. May have outer capsule: encapsulates entire cellular envelope of organism, better able to live in hostile environments. Not as effective to break down peptidoglycan because of outer membrane. Lipoproteins: part off outer membrane work to adhere outer membrane to peptidoglycan. Presence of lipopolysaccharides: endotoxins if cell is lysed. Gram negative infections are particularly dangerous: cytoplasmic membrane, structure: phospholipids and proteins, function: Excretion of some enzymes: serotonin, penicillinases: break down penicillin.
