PHYS 1201Q Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Deductive Reasoning
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Abductive arguments/inferences probable: start with a conclusion, infer a likely explanation. Inductive argument probable: if the premises are true, the conclusion is probable, ending with a conclusion, past experiences. Deductive argument certain: statements that give support to or validate a conclusion, if jazzy is warm blooded, jazzy is a mammal. Valid argument certain, but could be unsound (see below: if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. If jazzy is a dog, jazzy is a cat. Even if the premises are nonsense, if they"re true, it"s valid. Invalid argument: the conclusion is not proven by the premises, unsound. Unsound argument: 1 or more of the premises are false (like the above argument) Sound argument: all the premises are true and valid. Ways to criticize a deductive argument: validity, soundness. Avery welch philosophy/gender week 1 1/22/16. Premise 1 torture is an effective way to procure information that promotes safety: conclusion torture is justified.
