ANTH 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: San People, The Giving Tree, Geoglyph
Document Summary
Agriculture: intensive cultivation, permanent, mechanized; most people do(cid:374)"t produ(cid:272)e food, e(cid:374)ha(cid:374)(cid:272)e (cid:373)o(cid:374)e(cid:455) for food- usa, bbqaria. For 99% of the ti(cid:373)e hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)s ha(cid:448)e e(cid:454)isted, (cid:449)e"(cid:448)e (cid:271)ee(cid:374) foragers. Until about 10000 years ago, humans lived by foraging. Relies on food naturally available in environment- hunting, fishing, gathering. Arctic of greenland: hunting & fishing large animals. Kalahari desert in s africa: mostly gathered foods, hunting. Limited cultivation of crops or domestication of animals. Similarities: highly adapted, social organization (bands), low population density, norms of reciprocity. Differences: egalitarian but gender inequality exists, responses to diff environments affect social organization. Horticulture: producing plants using non-mechanized technology, or shifting cultivation. Swidden (slash & burn): clearing fields by felling trees & burning the brush, creates an opening & fertile soil for crops, land used for 1-3 years & then abandoned. Integrated system of plant & animal communities w/high biodiversity. 85% plants collected in apete planted by indians.
