MCDB 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sister Chromatids, Meiosis, Multicellular Organism

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olivecicada965

4 Dec 2017

School

UCSB

Department

Molecular, Cellular & Develop. Biology

Course

MCDB 20

Professor

Hui Low

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Document Summary

-aa ggaammeettee ((ssppeerrmm oorr eegggg)) ccoonnttaaiinnss aa ssiinnggllee sseett ooff cchhrroommoossoommeess aanndd iiss hhaappllooiidd ((nn)) -ffoorr hhuummaannss,, tthhee hhaappllooiidd ## iiss 2233 ((nn==2233)) -eeaacchh sseett ooff 2233 ccoonnssiissttss ooff 2222 aauuttoossoommeess aanndd aa ssiinnggllee sseexx cchhrroommoossoommee. -iinn aann uunnffeerrttiilliizzeedd eegggg ((oovvuumm)),, tthhee sseexx cchhrroommoossoommee iiss xx. -iinn aa ssppeerrmm cceellll,, tthhee sseexx cchhrroommoossoommee mmaayy bbee eeiitthheerr xx oorr yy. Bbeehhvvaaiioorr ooff cchhrroommoossoommee sseett iinn tthhee hhuummaann lliiffee ccyyccllee. -ffeerrttiilliizzaattiioonn iiss tthhee uunniioonn ooff ggaammeetteess ((tthhee ssppeerrmm aanndd tthhee eegggg)) -tthhee ffeerrttiilliizzeedd eegggg iiss ccaalllleedd aa zzyyggoottee aanndd hhaass oonnee sseett ooff cchhrroommoossoommeess ffrroomm eeaacchh ppaarreenntt. -tthhee zzyyggoottee pprroodduucceess ssoommaattiicc cceellllss bbyy mmiittoossiiss aanndd ddeevveellooppss iinnttoo aann aadduulltt. -aatt sseexxuuaall mmaattuurriittyy,, tthhee oovvaarriieess aanndd tteesstteess pprroodduuccee hhaappllooiidd ggaammeetteess. -ggaammeetteess aarree tthhee oonnllyy ttyyppeess ooff hhuummaann cceellllss pprroodduucceedd bbyy mmeeiioossiiss rraatthheerr tthhaann mmiittoossiiss. -mmeeiioossiiss rreessuullttss iinn oonnee sseett ooff cchhrroommoossoommeess iinn eeaacchh ggaammeettee. -ffeerrttiilliizzaattiioonn aanndd mmeeiioossiiss aalltteerrnnaattee iinn sseexxuuaall lliiffee ccyycclleess ttoo mmaaiinnttaaiinn tthhee cchhrroommoossoommee nnuummbbeerr.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about chromosomes?

Prokaryotes have a singel, circular chromosome

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes.

Human cells normally 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Eukaryote chromosomes are composed of only DNA

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about reproduction?

Eukaryotes life cycles include a haploid and diploid phase.

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually.

Eukaryotes can propagate by asexual or sexual reproduction.

Prokaryotes typically reproduce slower than eukaryotes.

Which of the folllowing animal cells is most likely haploid?

nerve cell

muscle cell

sperm cell

liver cell

When human gametes fuse, they form a _____.

		Haploid egg
		Diploid zygote
		Haploid zygote
		Triploid egg

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To enable an organism to produce gametes

To allow for growth

To allow an organism to replace damaged cells

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ________ and meiosis results in ________.

gametes, somatic cells

gametes, gametes

somatic cells, somatic cells

somatic cells, gametes

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following tasks is accomplished through the processof meiosis?

Cell growth

Production of sperm or eggs

Replacement of dysfunctional cells

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

What advantage does sexual reproduction have over asexualreproduction?

All other selections are true.

Sexual reproduction provides more genetic variability

Sexual reproduction doubles the number of chromosomes in aspecies

Sexual reproduction is more efficient

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during whatstage of cell division? (Read each option carefully.)

Prophase I of meiosis

Prophase of mitosis

Prophase II of meiosis

Interphase

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Corn has 20 chromosomes. When corn undergoes meiosis how manychromosomes are found in the gametes?

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite sidesof the cell during what stage of cell division? (Read each optioncarefully.)

Metaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase II of meiosis

Anaphase I of meiosis

Anaphase of mitosis

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______cells.

diploid, haploid

haploid, diploid

diploid, diploid

haploid, haploid

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MCDB 20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sister Chromatids, Meiosis, Multicellular Organism

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