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BIBC 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Ion, Programmed Cell Death

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School
UCSD
Department
Biology/Biochemistry
Course
BIBC 102
Professor
Randolph Hampton

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Document Summary

Inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase cycle: catabolism of purines, gout: due to xanthine oxidase being too active, easily relieved by inhibitors of xanthine oxidase enzyme, cancer, ageing, and metabolism, difficulties in being a long-lived multi-cellular organism, cancer & ageing. Replace about 100% of body mass per year: quantity issues and quality issues, o2 sensing response: hypoxia-inducible factor hif1-a. Tumor cells need to synthesize their fatty acids: would(cid:374)"t hurt other (cid:272)ells (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause the(cid:455) do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)ake their o(cid:449)(cid:374) fatt(cid:455) a(cid:272)ids, only liver does. Other cells take up fatty acids other ways. In cancer: isocitrate ---idh--> akg : almost always r132h (arginine turned into histidine) - causes cancer. Creates new minimetabolic pathway that allows cancer cell to grow. Adipocyte: specialized cells for fat storage, metabolism and signaling, get more power from glucose than fats. Hypoxia: whe(cid:374) (cid:373)us(cid:272)les/(cid:272)ells do(cid:374)"t get e(cid:374)ough o(cid:454)(cid:455)ge(cid:374, cancer cells grow very fast, so they usually are starved for oxygen.

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Related Questions

4. THFA is an importantcontributor to the synthesis of both purines and a specificpyrimidine. Which pyrimidine? Why does ablock in the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have negativeconsequences on nucleotide biosynthesis? What othernegative consequences does this have: i.e. what other pathwaysmight be influenced? Why?

5. What distinguishes thecarbamoyl phosphate synthetase used for the urea cycle (CPS I) fromthat used for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis (CPS II)? This shouldinclude the following characteristics: pathway, cellular location,nitrogen source, and regulation.

6. What is meant by substratechanneling? How is CPS II an example of anenzyme that utilizes this?

You have purified a novel dihydrofolate reductase from a soil bacterium. You find that the rate of tetrahydrofolate production is the same for three different concentrations of dihydrofolate. What can you conclude about your experimental reaction conditions from these results?

A) These concentrations of dihydrofolate allow you to estimate Km

B) You have likely found the Vmax of the enzyme

C) You will need to add a competitive inhibitor to estimate Km

D) You have likely found the pH optima of this enzyme

What was the purpose of adding methotrexate to the cellsexpressing a genetically-engineered Dihydrofolate Reductase enzymein the mitochondrion-targeting experiment? What did the experimentdemonstrate in terms of the location of the site(s) oftranslocation of proteins into mitochondria?