BILD 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Synapomorphy, Bild, Carl Linnaeus
13 Jun 2018
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BILD 3 Lecture 11
4/27/2018
• Phylogenetic trees
o Can be thought of as a massive family tree
o Linnaeus made the original phylogenetic tree
o Oldest part of the tree is called the root
o Nodes of the branches represent a common ancestor and a speciation event
▪ Represent points of rotation
o The species at the tips of the branches are referred to as taxa
o Taxa can be rotated about any node and the tree has the same meaning
o Taxa can be rotated, pruned, or added. Relatedness is determined by the last
common ancestor
o Brah legths ay or ay ot hae eaig; they do’t hae to hold meaning
for the species long it, but can
▪ Fossils can be used to scale branch lengths; then the branch lengths tell
time since the last common ancestor
• Synapomorphies
o Features that unit a group of taxa
o Characteristics make up the speciation nodes
• Whe speies look so differet, ho are e ofidet e hae the est fit tree
o Nuclear genome
o The more shared Synapomorphies, the higher confidence you can have that the
relationships are correct (it increases statistical confidence)
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