MMW 11 Lecture 8: MMW 11 Lec 8 - Google Docs

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10/22/18
FromRocktoMetal:
Useofcopperpredatesitsuseasametal
Madeart(beads)(eyelineronstatues)
Primarilyaspigments
Nativeandextractedcopper:
● Oneoftheonlyregionsyoucanfindcopperinitsmetalformismodernday
turkey/iran/greatlakesinUS
● IntheLevant(MDIsrael,saudiarabia,jordan,etc.)
○ LateNeolithic:ifyouputclaytogetherandthrowitinfire,yougeta
pot
○ Whatwouldhappenifwethrewgreenblocksinfire?
● CopperProduction:
○ Needintensivemining
○ Cu2O>Cu
○ TogetridofO,bombardelementwithCO
○ Smeltingv.melting:
■ melting:1,085*C
■ Smelting:lowas400*C
○ Usedblowpipestoheatfiretothattemp
○ BECAUSetheprocessissodifficult,wascopperlargelyforrich??
○ Problem:amountofOneededtoburnathightemp
○ Soundslikemagicduetothelackofknowledgeofmodernchem
■ THEREFOREweseecult,religiousactscenteredaround
copperproduction
■ Snakecults,whyisunknown
■ Butsnakesarevimportantasuproducecopper
■ InAfrica(IronAge),smeltingironwasconceivedassimilarto
conceptionwcouldn’tbeincontactwithfurnace,neededto
bemenmarriedtopotters(forconnectiontoearth)
● Excavationinslagmounds
● Evensmallamountofcopperprod.LeavesyouwithaLOTofslag
○ 10%copper,90%slag
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