BISC104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Transfer Rna, Nucleolus, Deoxyribose
●Connection between genotype and phenotype
●Central Dogma
○The flow of genetic information in the cell
●Review DNA
○Complementary base pairing
○Nucleotides
●Another nucleic acid
○RNA
■Single stranded; U not T
■Ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
■Carries genetic information out of nucleus into cytoplasm
■Carries amino acids
●Genetic Expression Overview
○The flow of genetic information in a cell is DNA→ RNA → Protein
○One of the two DNA strands gets chosen to be transcribed into RNA, and then
gets translated to protein
●Transcription
○Production of RNA using DNA as a template
○Takes place in the nucleus
○Promotor→ signaling DNA before transcription
○RNA polymerase→ enzyme that reads DNA
○RNA nucleotides→ complementary base pairing to DNA
■T → A, C→ G, G→ C, A→ U
■No thymine in RNA, turns to a U
■Becomes known as mRNA
○Practice:
■DNA: AGGATCAGTCA
■RNA: UCCUAGUCAGU
●Getting ready for Translation
○Amino acids needed for protein synthesis (in ribosomes)
○mRNA and tRNA needed (with energy)
●Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
○Proteins + rRNA
○Made in nucleolus
●Transfer RNA serves as interpreter during translation
○tRNA carries amino acid and makes sure right ones go into the right position
○tRNA anticodon → complementary to mRNA codon (amino acid is specified by
the codon complementary to the anticodon)
■AAA→ UUU
Document Summary
The flow of genetic information in the cell. Carries genetic information out of nucleus into cytoplasm. The flow of genetic information in a cell is dna rna protein. One of the two dna strands gets chosen to be transcribed into rna, and then gets translated to protein. Production of rna using dna as a template. Rna nucleotides complementary base pairing to dna. T a, c g, g c, a u. No thymine in rna, turns to a u. Amino acids needed for protein synthesis (in ribosomes) Transfer rna serves as interpreter during translation. Trna carries amino acid and makes sure right ones go into the right position. Trna anticodon complementary to mrna codon (amino acid is specified by the codon complementary to the anticodon) Amino acid would be attached to uuu not aaa because aaa is the anticodon, and uuu is its complement. The genetic code: (information is written in the sequence of nucleotides)