CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Sigma Bond, Orbital Hybridisation, Pi Bond
CHEM101 Lecture 18
Bonds
• Sigma bonds- when we have electrons located between the covalently bonded atoms
o If you have two atoms bonded together, you have to have a sigma bond
o It is formed by the end to end overlapping of (usually) hybrid orbitals
o In order to share electrons, they need to overlap their hybridized orbitals so they
are sharing together
o Single bond between carbon
• Electrons don’t like to be unpaired
• Pi bond- electrons located above, below, or along side atoms
o Above and below- central plane
o Formed by the side to side overlap of leftover p orbitals
o Double bond between carbon
▪ Composed of one sigma bond and one pi bond
• Triple bond- composed of one sigma bond and two pi bonds
Hybridization hand out on canvas for drawings from class!
Chapter 10- Gases
• Phases of matter- solid, liquid and gas
o Condensed phase: solid and liquid
o Fluid phase- liquid
• Characteristics of gases
o Gases take shape and volume of the container they are in
o Gases are compressible
o Gases are less dense than liquids
▪ This means they can change with the temperature and pressure around
them
• Pressure = force/area