PSYC414 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Reuptake, Anesthetic, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
9 May 2018
School
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5/8
Serotonin
❖ Down regulation of HC or PFC receptors adaptations; less receptors = increase
adenlylyl cyclase = more cAMP (second messenger; more pKA regulates proteins in
cytoplasm and nucleus; CREB (learning & memory) increases transcription factors
o Genes affected: BDNF – neurotrophic factor (maintenance of neurons) cells
shrink; learning/memory maintained and increased
❖ Effect of stress and antidepressant treatment on BDNF in HC – stress decreases BDNF
(glucocorticoids act as transcription factors; binds to DNA; binds to BDNF and turns it
off) stress increases glucococorticoids and decreases BDNF so you have shrinkage of
dendrites and number of synapses;
o HC is for spatial learning; context learning;
▪ Depression = can’t do cognitive tasks/sluggish
▪ Cells not processing enough
❖ Antidepressants increase BDNF levels (NE and serotonin)
o Increase survival and growth of cells
o Better cognitive functioning
o May take weeks to occur
How to increase BDNF
❖ Exercise, aerobic exercise
o Increases neurogenesis in HC
o Facilitates blood flow
❖ Do things you like to do
❖ But not easy to get depressed people to do things
NT and side effects
❖ Selective NE reuptake inhibitors
❖ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
❖ Tricyclic compounds
Ketamine
❖ NMDA non-competitive antagonist; antidepressant;
o Anesthetic for surgery
o High abuse potential, similar to PCP
o “pecial K
❖ unique antidepressant effects
o dissociated from their body
o quick acting; within hours
o single dose; long-acting, one to two weeks
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