APK 2105C Lecture Notes - Lecture 45: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Anterior Pituitary, Parathyroid Gland
16 Jun 2018
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Chapter 6, Lecture 1
Endocrine Glands & Hormones
• Primary vs. secondary endocrine organs
o Primary = primary function is secreting hormone
▪ Pineal gland
▪ Hypothalamus
▪ Pituitary gland
▪ Thyroid gland
▪ Parathyroid gland
▪ Thymus
▪ Adrenal gland
▪ Pancreas
▪ Ovaries
▪ Testes
▪ Placenta
o Secondary = can secrete hormones but is not primary function (ex: heart)
▪ Heart
▪ Stomach
▪ Liver
▪ Kidney
▪ Small intestine
▪ Skin
• Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
o Collectively function to regulate nearly every system
o Hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland
▪ Hypothalamic tropic hormones are neurohormones
• Either activate or inhibit release of tropic hormones from anterior
pituitary gland
o Ex: dopamine prevents endocrine cells from releasing
prolactin from anterior pituitary
▪ Prolactin helps with milk let down
• Have multiple neurons that release many different hormones
o PRH
o PIH
o TRH
o CRH
o GHRH
o Pituitary gland hangs off end of hypothalamus
▪ Stalk that it hands off = infindibulum
▪ 2 lobes
• Anterior (adenohypophysis)
o Glandular tissue
▪ In-series blood flow between the hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary gland
• Hypothalamic portal vein—leads to a 2nd
capillary bed
▪ Has gland cells—derived from epithelium
▪ Neurons from hypothalamus release hormones that
go into capillary bed
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