CPO 2001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Core Foundation, Proportional Representation, Presidential System
13 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Schmitter and karl: what democracy is and is not. Concepts: accountability of rulers to citizens, institutionalized processes to ensure the above is true and regularly practiced. Institutionalization should be more than just elections (civil society) Balance between aggregation of interests and balancing of intensity of interests. Challenges faced by new democracies (compressed time scale) Procedures: civic rights (rule of law and equality of the law) as the core foundation, procedural minimum definitions (dahl) + two additional. Government independence from (internal) unelected bodies (military) Government independence from (external) alternative decision makers. Principles: consent of the governed (the people, contingent consent (no rigging the rules, uncertainty over future outcomes. How democracies differ: endless variety of combinations of different institutional and procedural characteristics, differently democratic not better . What democracies are not: not necessarily (or even generally) more efficient. Economically or politically: not necessarily more orderly, consensual, stable or governable (again often less because of inclusion, need not bring economic development (modernization theory)
