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FDNS 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Performance-Enhancing Substance, Hypertriglyceridemia, Carnitine

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School
University of Georgia
Department
Foods and Nutrition
Course
FDNS 2100
Professor
Paige Berger

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Document Summary

Ingest a high-fat (40-70% fat) diet for 1-3 weeks. Some studies provide high-carbohydrate meals prior to testing. Research findings from studies and reviews with trained individuals. It appears that there are responders and non-responders. Increased exercise time to exhaustion at moderate intensity. Greater fat utilization and sparing of muscle glycogen. Suggest performance at 60-80% vo2max may be improved in distance cyclists and runners. No effect on cycling time trial (100 km) In several studies, there was a greater fat utilization and sparing of muscle glycogen. In several studies, performance time was better with the high-fat diet, but not statistically significant. Overall, research findings are equivocal but generally indicate that a chronic high-fat diet does not enhance aerobic endurance performance. Endurance performance can, at best, only be maintained on such diets as compared to high carbohydrate diets. Endurance athletes may adapt to high-fat diets, but training becomes more psychologically stressful. Chronic high fat diets the bottom line.

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Related Questions

Could someone briefly explain why these findinds occurred? Summarize the findings and from a biochemistry approach explain why they occurred?

Craig (1993) reviewed many of the exercise studies using fructose feedings and noted that fructose consumption prior to exercise does not cause an increase in either blood glucose or insulin. Although one study demonstrated a reduction in muscle glycogen use when fructose had been ingested prior to a 30 min exercise bout compared to feedings of glucose or water (Levine et al 1983), the glycogen-sparing effect of fructose ingestion was not confirmed in later studies using longer exercise bouts when glycogen could become more limiting (Hargreaves, 1987; Koivisto, 1985). This absence of effect on muscle glycogen occurred in spite of different glycemic and insulinemic patterns for the glucose versus fructose trials in the various studies. In addition, no performance benefit, as measured by time to exhaustion, was noted in most experiments for fructose compared to glucose. However, there may be some benefit to fructose ingestion prior to exercise when it is used in combination with other carbohydrate sources. For example, muscle glycogen sparing and performance enhancement were observed in athletes consuming a mixture of maltodextrin and fructose when compared to maltodextrin alone (Brouns et al 1989).

To summarize the studies that have used fructose feedings prior to exercise, blood glucose was maintained at higher levels during the initial period of exercise relative to high GI carbohydrates like glucose, but there were few reports of an ergogenic effect or a change in rate of muscle glycogen use. Because virtually all authors who fed fructose commented on the high incidence of gastrointestinal distress (due to slow fructose digestion), fructose alone is probably not practical in the concentrations required to provide sufficient energy; it may be useful as part of a mixture with other carbohydrates.

Could someone please briefly explain why the phenonema below is so?

Craig (1993) reviewed many of the exercise studies using fructose feedings and noted that fructose consumption prior to exercise does not cause an increase in either blood glucose or insulin. Although one study demonstrated a reduction in muscle glycogen use when fructose had been ingested prior to a 30 min exercise bout compared to feedings of glucose or water (Levine et al 1983), the glycogen-sparing effect of fructose ingestion was not confirmed in later studies using longer exercise bouts when glycogen could become more limiting (Hargreaves, 1987; Koivisto, 1985). This absence of effect on muscle glycogen occurred in spite of different glycemic and insulinemic patterns for the glucose versus fructose trials in the various studies. In addition, no performance benefit, as measured by time to exhaustion, was noted in most experiments for fructose compared to glucose. However, there may be some benefit to fructose ingestion prior to exercise when it is used in combination with other carbohydrate sources. For example, muscle glycogen sparing and performance enhancement were observed in athletes consuming a mixture of maltodextrin and fructose when compared to maltodextrin alone (Brouns et al 1989).

To summarize the studies that have used fructose feedings prior to exercise, blood glucose was maintained at higher levels during the initial period of exercise relative to high GI carbohydrates like glucose, but there were few reports of an ergogenic effect or a change in rate of muscle glycogen use. Because virtually all authors who fed fructose commented on the high incidence of gastrointestinal distress (due to slow fructose digestion), fructose alone is probably not practical in the concentrations required to provide sufficient energy; it may be useful as part of a mixture with other carbohydrates.