BIOLOGY 151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Rna Editing, Alternative Splicing, Insulin Receptor
14 Feb 2018
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Document Summary
Gene regulation at many levels: chemical modification, methylation of cytosine bases, chromatin remodeling, chromosome inactivation, transcriptional regulation, rna processing, rna editing, mrna stability, translational regulation. Chromatin remodeling: eukaryotic dna packaged as chromatin, a complex of dna, rna, and proteins that gives chromosomes their structure, when chromatin is coiled, the proteins that carry out transcription cannot access the. Epigenetic effects: regulation of gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the dna sequences, chemical modification of bases, chemical modification of histones, alteration in chromatin structure. Rna splicing provides an opportunity for regulation gene expression: the same primary transcript can be spliced in different ways to yield different proteins, this is called alternative splicing. Example: mammalian insulin receptor transcript in liver cells: exon 11 is included in the mrna, the insulin receptor produced form this mrna has low affinity for insulin. Small regulatory rnas regulate gene expression by either: binding to transcripts and blocking translation, binding to transcripts and causing degradation.
