CHEM 261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Tetrahedron, Sigma Bond, Molecular Geometry

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Chem261 lecture 3 more hybrid orbitals. Hybrid orbitals: sp3 and methane: the sp3 orbitals on c overlap with 1s orbitals on 4 h atoms to form four identical. C-h bonds: each c-h bond has a strength of 436 kj/mol and length of 109 pm, bond angle: each h-c-h is 109. 5o, the tetrahedral angle, whenever an atom is bound to four other atoms, it is always sp3. Hybrid orbitals: sp2 and ethene: the sigma bond is always stronger than the pi bond, a double bond is shorter and stronger than a regular bond, and it is not exactly twice as strong. Hybrid orbitals: sp and ethyne: the bonds are always perpendicular to the regular p orbitals, but bonding is parallel. Bonds, lengths, and strengths: bonding will affect the number of hybrid orbitals, but if everything has a single bond, then there will usually be four atoms bonded to a central atom, always be thinking tetrahedral geometry.

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