EHS 385 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Skeletal Muscle, Glycogen Synthase, Glycerol
18 Dec 2017
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Chapter 3 lecture 4 oc bioenergetics i: sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body, anabolic reactions: synthesis of molecules, catabolic reactions: breakdown of molecules. Bioenergetics: converting foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) into energy. Cell membrane: semipermeable membrane that separates the cell from the extracellular environment. Nucleus: contains genes that regulate protein synthesis: molecular biology. Cytoplasm (sarcoplasm in muscle): fluid portion of cell, contains organelles. Endergonic reactions: require energy to be added, endothermic, store or absorb energy. Exergonic reactions: release energy to surroundings, exothermic. Coupled reactions: liberation of energy in an exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction. Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions. Often involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons: hydrogen atom contains one electron, a molecule that loses a hydrogen also loses an electron and therefore is oxidized. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad: oxidized form: nad, reduced form: nadh. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad: oxidized form: fad, reduced form: fadh2.
