CYAF 471 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Twin, Super Twins
28 Apr 2019
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Can cause fetal alcohol syndrome with abuse- e. g. behavioral/cognitive problems and unusual facial features. Can cause fetal alcohol effects with moderate use: e. g. learning disabilities. Recommendation: no alcohol for reproductive-aged heterosexually active women not using contraception. Smoking- increases risk of miscarriage, prematurity, sids, low birth weight, low iq, and adhd. Marijuana- increases risk of prematurity, low birth weight, self-regulation, and impulse control problems. Ultrasound- can detect structural and some functional abnormalities. Maternal blood testing- screens for genetic disorders (e. g. down"s. Amniocentesis- fluid withdrawn from amniotic sac using a needle; detects genetic disorders. Fraternal twins- develop from two eggs and two sperm. Identical twins- develop from same embryo that divides early. "super twins" (3+)- may be identical or fraternal. Hazards- human body is not designed for multiple births. Risks/discomforts for mother- increase in regular discomforts of pregnancy and increased risk of preeclampsia, anemia, and cesarean birth. Risks for fetuses- include lower birth weight, pre-maturity, birth defects, higher risk of prenatal mortality.
