BIOL 540 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Atp Synthase, Electrochemical Gradient, Cytosol

15 views6 pages

puceraven738

3 Jan 2020

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Atp synthesis is coupled to the electrochemical gradient hydrogen ion gradient when atp is abundant adp will be low. Adp is abundant 7 in low energy state. Litt must be expended so active transport must be and 1. 5 from fadhz this is just an average you can"t have half of a molecule. Atp synthase multi component enzyme complex of the inner mitochondria membrane functions to convertelectrochemicalgradient into atp energy from the gradient is not used to the formation of atp will be make atp spontaneous. C z as the energy is spent to make conformational changes in the then facilitates the production of atp protein that. Two basic domains fo lor cfo and f lor cf. 8 delta interacts with cfo to help hold the complex together. E epsilon is a governer that controls the speed of the turbine and prevents the reverse direction reaction.

Related Questions

Why does ATP synthesis require an input of energy?

The covalent bonds between the phosphate groups will have to be broken.

The phosphate groups must first be actively transported to the location of ATP synthesis.

The phosphoanhydride bonds that are formed have a high stability.

The amount of free energy in ATP is greater than that in ADP.

The formation of a hydrogen ion gradient requires energy.

According to the chemiosmotic theory, an electrochemical proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP in mitochondria. The enzyme that does this is located on the inside of the mitochondrial membrane. The oxidation of carbohydrates and fats is used to pump protons outside the mitochondrial membrane until the steady-state membrane potential is -140 mV and the pH gradient âpH = 1.5. Inside the mitochondrion, pH = 7.0, [ATP] = 1 mM, [Pi] = 2.5 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and T = 298 K.

a) Howw much chemical potential is required to synthesize ATP inside mitochondria? Hint: here the question refers to the chemical potential difference between products and reactants = âG of the reaction ADP + Pi -> ATP.

b) How much free energy is made available by moving 1 mol of protons from the outside to the inside? Is this enough to drive ATP synthesis?

c) How many protons must be translocated per ATP synthesized?

violetyellowjacket662

Creatine (Cr) is made in the liver and kidneys and then transported to the muscles, where it serves as a high energy storage compound via phosphorylation by creatine kinase. Two forms of this enzyme exist, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic. In mitochondria there is net synthesis of creatine phosphate (CrP). In the cytosol, the phosphate is transferred from CrP to ADP to supply ATP to power the muscles. Table 3.2 of your G&G text lists ÎGËÌ for hydrolysis of creatine phosphate: -43.3 kJ/mol at 25Â°C. creatine phosphate + H2O ----> creatine + Pi

a. Calculate the KeqÍ for this hydrolysis.

c. In mouse muscle cells at 25Â°C, [Cr] is 10 mM, and [CrP] is 20 mM. What concentration of Pi would be needed to maintain this level of phosphorylation by reversal of the hydrolysis reaction? Is this concentration of Pi a reasonable expectation? Why?

d. Coupling ATP hydrolysis (ÎGËÍ-35.7 kJ/mol at 25Â°C) to an unfavorable reaction is often used to drive biochemical reactions. Write the chemical equations for the CrP reverse hydrolysis and ATP hydrolysis and add them together to give the coupled reaction. Then calculate ÎGËÍfor the coupled reaction. Is this reaction favorable? Justify your answer.

e. Considering ÎGÍin the muscle cells rather than under 1M standard state conditions, what ratio of ATP/ADP would be needed inside mitochondria to make the coupled reaction for CrP synthesis produce the concentrations of Cr and CrP observed in mouse muscle? Is this ratio reasonable? Why?

crimsonduck531

BIOL 540 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Atp Synthase, Electrochemical Gradient, Cytosol

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 540 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Atp Synthase, Electrochemical Gradient, Active Transport

BIOC13H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Atp Synthase, Protonation, Lysosome

Biology And Biomedical Sciences BIOL 2960 Study Guide - Final Guide: Light-Dependent Reactions, C3 Carbon Fixation, Radiant Energy

Related Questions