BIO 352 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Centromere, Population Genetics, Mitosis
Genetics; Branch of biology concerned with the study of genes and their variation
Gene; Unit factor of heredity
oPhysical entity in cells that is responsible for the transmission of traits from one
generation to another (Heredity)
Divisions of Genetics
1. Transmission Genetics
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
2. Cytogenetics
3. Molecular/Biochemical Genetics
4. Population Genetics
Insulin, world's first genetically engineered drug product
oApplying recombinant DNA technology, used gene from human responsible for
producing insulin.
Using a gene that produces a growth hormone, were able to increase the growth of
aquacultural grown salmon
2 main types of cells
Prokaryotic
oBacteria, Archaea
oCarry a single, circular chromosome consisting of essentially naked DNA
oSingle DNA described as a bacterial chromosome
Minimal proteins associated with it
Eukaryotic
oProtists, plants, fungi, animals
oNucleus
Found in eukaryotes
Membrane bound compartment
Houses genetic material, DNA
DNA: complex array of acidic and basic proteins into thin fibers
Wherever the chromosome resides in the cytoplasm, referred to as the
nucleoid region
o2 or more chromosomes (# varies per organisms) localized within nucleus of the
cell
oIn Addition to ribosomes, you find many other structures (Mitochondria, Golgi
apparatus, E.R) which provide unique functions.
oUnique plant structure; chloroplasts
o
All cells share common features
Plasma Membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
oResponsible for protein production in the cell
Chromosome- structure within a cell that carries genetic information
Genome- complete collection of all the chromosome of an organism. Consequently, the
complete complement of all the genes carried by an individual
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Genetics; branch of biology concerned with the study of genes and their variation. Gene; unit factor of heredity: physical entity in cells that is responsible for the transmission of traits from one generation to another (heredity) Divisions of genetics: transmission genetics, qualitative, quantitative, cytogenetics, molecular/biochemical genetics, population genetics. Insulin, world"s first genetically engineered drug product: applying recombinant dna technology, used gene from human responsible for producing insulin. Using a gene that produces a growth hormone, were able to increase the growth of aquacultural grown salmon. Prokaryotic: bacteria, archaea, carry a single, circular chromosome consisting of essentially naked dna, single dna described as a bacterial chromosome. Eukaryotic: protists, plants, fungi, animals, nucleus. Dna: complex array of acidic and basic proteins into thin fibers. Wherever the chromosome resides in the cytoplasm, referred to as the nucleoid region: 2 or more chromosomes (# varies per organisms) localized within nucleus of the o cell.
