BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Comparative Embryology, Continental Drift, Convergent Evolution
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Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?
| Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully. |
| Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment. |
| Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations. |
| Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms. |
An organism's fitness depends on its _____.
| ability to survive and reproduce |
| ability to swap genetic material with other organisms |
| physical size |
| ability to mutate |
| population |
Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?
| The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources. |
| The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment. |
| The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten. |
| No answer text provided. |
Which of the following are adaptations?
| Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant. |
| Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation. |
| More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators. |
| None of the above. |
| All of the above. |
The Cambrian explosion is a prime example of ________________.
| mass extinction | ||
| evolutionary stasis | ||
| a large meteor impact | ||
| adaptive radiation |
1 points
QUESTION 2
Most animals are viviparous.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 3
The first phylum with ganglia in their nervous system are the ________________________.
| Mollusca | ||
| Nematoda | ||
| Bivalvia | ||
| Platyhelminthes |
1 points
QUESTION 4
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a _____________________.
| a unicellular worm | ||
| multicellular algae | ||
| flagellated protist | ||
| multicellular fungus |
1 points
QUESTION 5
You are given an unknown organism to identify. It is unicellular and heterotrophic. It is motile by use of many short extensions of the cytoplasm. It has well-developed organelles and two nuclei, one large, one small. The organism is most likely to be a ______________.
| foraminifera | ||
| radiolarian | ||
| ciliate | ||
| flagellate |
1 points
QUESTION 6
Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.
| A mollusc | ||
| A nematode | ||
| A platyhelminth | ||
| Not enough information to determine. |
1 points
QUESTION 7
If the animal is a hermaphrodite, it is said to be _______________.
| dioecious | ||
| eutelic | ||
| monoecious | ||
| trioecious |
1 points
QUESTION 8
A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange and segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature ____________.
| eight legs | ||
| two pairs of antennae | ||
| a sessile lifecycle | ||
| an open circulatory system |
1 points
QUESTION 9
The Phylum Echinodermata exhibits metamerism.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 10
The existence of evolutionary trends, such as increasing body sizes among horse species, is evidence that _____.
| a larger volume-to-surface area ratio is adaptive in many mammals | ||
| evolution generally progresses toward some goal | ||
| evolution tends toward increased complexity or increased size | ||
| in particular environments, similar adaptations can be beneficial to more than one species |
1 points
QUESTION 11
Suppose you are a researcher fro a pest-control company and you develop a chemical that inhibits the develpment of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following would cause the pesticide to work?
| The mosquito would develop a weak exoskeleton, making it easy prey. | ||
| The mosquito's gut would not function properly and it would starve. | ||
| The mosquito would not have a properly functioning muscular system. | ||
| Nothing would happen and your experiment would be a failure. |
1 points
QUESTION 12
Holometabolis refers to complete metamorphosis.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 13
Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
| Condition 1 only | ||
| Condition 2 only | ||
| Conditions 1 and 2 | ||
| Conditions 2 and 3 |
1 points
QUESTION 14
Scientific theories _____. 22.3
| are nearly the same things as hypotheses | ||
| are supported by, and make sense of, many observations | ||
| cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once | ||
| are predictions of future events |
1 points
QUESTION 15
The evolution of animal species and their diversity is a result of the evolution of new and different ways to _______________.
| reproduce | ||
| arrange their cells into tissues | ||
| become symmetrical | ||
| form an embyro and establish a basic body plan |