BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Sister Chromatids, Cell Division, Chromatin
Document Summary
Chromatin: extended form of a chromosome including proteins. Sister chromatids: duplicated chromosomes held together at the centromere region. Homologous chromosomes: 2 chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell, 1 was inherited from mom and 1 was inherited from dad. Cell division plays many important roles in the lives of organisms. Cell division (mitosis: the physical process of a cell dividing in half. Cell division is used for: reproduction of single-celled organisms, growth of multicellular organisms. 2 gametes meet, fertilized egg that is a single cell > one cell. One cell rapidly starts dividing (fast: cell repair and replacement, sperm and egg production. Living organisms reproduce by two methods: asexual reproduction. Offspring are identical to the original cell/organism. Inheritance of all genes from one parent. Offspring are similar to the parents, but show variations in traits. Inheritance of unique sets of genes from two parents. Takes more effort, more coordination, less successful.