BIO 346 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Genetic Drift, Founder Effect, Genetic Distance
Document Summary
Genetic distance increases with geographical distance (less gene flow) - isolation by distance. Assumed to go by neutral forces (not natural selection) Moving away from eastern africa genetic and phenotypic diversity lowers. Wide degree of genetic variation in source population subset move to new space subset etc. (less and less genetic variation) Gene flow among neighboring populations - make them more similar to each other. Calculate age of haplogroup from common ancestor. Haplotype could be a marker for disease. More common use - ancestry formative markers (unique combos of snps that might be present at higher frequencies in one location over another) Proxy for understanding how old a population might be. Calculate how long until all alleles in the current population share a common ancestor. Compare - how long has it been since various haplogroups were together. Use timing of the evolution of new haplogroups to estimate when populations diverged. Assumptions about population size & generation time.
