BIOLOGY 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Hemoglobin, Dietary Fiber, Cholesterol
Document Summary
Water: covalent bond: involves the sharing of electrons pairs between atoms, polar covalent bond: when one atom is more electronegative and they don"t share electrons equally b. i. (oxygen vs. hydrogen) b. i. 1. Water=polar b. ii. (o-h, n-h, s-h) (-, +) =polar molecules b. iii. Ions (charged particles) are water soluble: hydrogen bond: attraction of particle charges c. i. Organic macromolecules: hydrocarbon: molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon a. i. Energy stored in chemical bonds: chemical groups: hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, methyl, making and breaking polymers c. i. Dehydration reaction: monomer in, water out (building of polymers) c. ii. Hydrolysis: water in, monomer out (breaking of polymers) Carbohydrates: monosaccharides: monomer that builds up carbs, disaccharides: (two monomers) broken down for quick energy, oligosaccharides: more than two, less than polysaccharides c. i. Attach to outer membranes as signal receptors: polysaccharides: (multiple monomers) d. i. Stored in cell structures known as plastids d. i. 2. Proteins: workforce of the cell, monomer=amino acid b. i.
